Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' into fmp4-hls

63 files changed, 706 insertions, 1297 deletions

diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs
index d732b6bc6a..7d68aecf99 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/BaseAuthorizationHandler.cs
@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Auth
             bool localAccessOnly = false,
             bool requiredDownloadPermission = false)
         {
+            // ApiKey is currently global admin, always allow.
+            var isApiKey = ClaimHelpers.GetIsApiKey(claimsPrincipal);
+            if (isApiKey)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
             // Ensure claim has userId.
             var userId = ClaimHelpers.GetUserId(claimsPrincipal);
             if (!userId.HasValue)
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/CustomAuthenticationHandler.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/CustomAuthenticationHandler.cs
index 733c6959eb..27a1f61be0 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/CustomAuthenticationHandler.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/CustomAuthenticationHandler.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 using System.Globalization;
-using System.Security.Authentication;
 using System.Security.Claims;
 using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Enums;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Authentication;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Net;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
@@ -43,24 +43,23 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Auth
             try
             {
                 var authorizationInfo = _authService.Authenticate(Request);
-                if (authorizationInfo == null)
+                var role = UserRoles.User;
+                if (authorizationInfo.IsApiKey || authorizationInfo.User.HasPermission(PermissionKind.IsAdministrator))
                 {
-                    return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.NoResult());
-                    // TODO return when legacy API is removed.
-                    // Don't spam the log with "Invalid User"
-                    // return Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid user"));
+                    role = UserRoles.Administrator;
                 }
 
                 var claims = new[]
                 {
-                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, authorizationInfo.User.Username),
-                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, authorizationInfo.User.HasPermission(PermissionKind.IsAdministrator) ? UserRoles.Administrator : UserRoles.User),
+                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, authorizationInfo.User?.Username ?? string.Empty),
+                    new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role),
                     new Claim(InternalClaimTypes.UserId, authorizationInfo.UserId.ToString("N", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)),
                     new Claim(InternalClaimTypes.DeviceId, authorizationInfo.DeviceId),
                     new Claim(InternalClaimTypes.Device, authorizationInfo.Device),
                     new Claim(InternalClaimTypes.Client, authorizationInfo.Client),
                     new Claim(InternalClaimTypes.Version, authorizationInfo.Version),
                     new Claim(InternalClaimTypes.Token, authorizationInfo.Token),
+                    new Claim(InternalClaimTypes.IsApiKey, authorizationInfo.IsApiKey.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
                 };
 
                 var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, Scheme.Name);
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/DefaultAuthorizationPolicy/DefaultAuthorizationHandler.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/DefaultAuthorizationPolicy/DefaultAuthorizationHandler.cs
index b5913daab9..be77b7a4e4 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/DefaultAuthorizationPolicy/DefaultAuthorizationHandler.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/DefaultAuthorizationPolicy/DefaultAuthorizationHandler.cs
@@ -29,13 +29,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Auth.DefaultAuthorizationPolicy
         protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context, DefaultAuthorizationRequirement requirement)
         {
             var validated = ValidateClaims(context.User);
-            if (!validated)
+            if (validated)
+            {
+                context.Succeed(requirement);
+            }
+            else
             {
                 context.Fail();
-                return Task.CompletedTask;
             }
 
-            context.Succeed(requirement);
             return Task.CompletedTask;
         }
     }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/IgnoreParentalControlPolicy/IgnoreParentalControlHandler.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/IgnoreParentalControlPolicy/IgnoreParentalControlHandler.cs
index 5213bc4cb7..a7623556a9 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/IgnoreParentalControlPolicy/IgnoreParentalControlHandler.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/IgnoreParentalControlPolicy/IgnoreParentalControlHandler.cs
@@ -29,13 +29,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Auth.IgnoreParentalControlPolicy
         protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context, IgnoreParentalControlRequirement requirement)
         {
             var validated = ValidateClaims(context.User, ignoreSchedule: true);
-            if (!validated)
+            if (validated)
+            {
+                context.Succeed(requirement);
+            }
+            else
             {
                 context.Fail();
-                return Task.CompletedTask;
             }
 
-            context.Succeed(requirement);
             return Task.CompletedTask;
         }
     }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/LocalAccessPolicy/LocalAccessHandler.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/LocalAccessPolicy/LocalAccessHandler.cs
index af73352bcc..d772ec5542 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/LocalAccessPolicy/LocalAccessHandler.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Auth/LocalAccessPolicy/LocalAccessHandler.cs
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Auth.LocalAccessPolicy
         protected override Task HandleRequirementAsync(AuthorizationHandlerContext context, LocalAccessRequirement requirement)
         {
             var validated = ValidateClaims(context.User, localAccessOnly: true);
-            if (!validated)
+            if (validated)
             {
-                context.Fail();
+                context.Succeed(requirement);
             }
             else
             {
-                context.Succeed(requirement);
+                context.Fail();
             }
 
             return Task.CompletedTask;
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Constants/InternalClaimTypes.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Constants/InternalClaimTypes.cs
index 4d7c7135d5..8323312e51 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Constants/InternalClaimTypes.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Constants/InternalClaimTypes.cs
@@ -34,5 +34,10 @@
         /// Token.
         /// </summary>
         public const string Token = "Jellyfin-Token";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Is Api Key.
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string IsApiKey = "Jellyfin-IsApiKey";
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AlbumsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AlbumsController.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 357f646a2b..0000000000
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/AlbumsController.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
-using System.Linq;
-using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
-using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.Audio;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
-using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
-using MediaBrowser.Model.Querying;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
-
-namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// The albums controller.
-    /// </summary>
-    [Route("")]
-    public class AlbumsController : BaseJellyfinApiController
-    {
-        private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
-        private readonly ILibraryManager _libraryManager;
-        private readonly IDtoService _dtoService;
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AlbumsController"/> class.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="userManager">Instance of the <see cref="IUserManager"/> interface.</param>
-        /// <param name="libraryManager">Instance of the <see cref="ILibraryManager"/> interface.</param>
-        /// <param name="dtoService">Instance of the <see cref="IDtoService"/> interface.</param>
-        public AlbumsController(
-            IUserManager userManager,
-            ILibraryManager libraryManager,
-            IDtoService dtoService)
-        {
-            _userManager = userManager;
-            _libraryManager = libraryManager;
-            _dtoService = dtoService;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Finds albums similar to a given album.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="albumId">The album id.</param>
-        /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
-        /// <param name="excludeArtistIds">Optional. Ids of artists to exclude.</param>
-        /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <response code="200">Similar albums returned.</response>
-        /// <returns>A <see cref="QueryResult{BaseItemDto}"/> with similar albums.</returns>
-        [HttpGet("Albums/{albumId}/Similar")]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetSimilarAlbums(
-            [FromRoute, Required] string albumId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
-            [FromQuery] string? excludeArtistIds,
-            [FromQuery] int? limit)
-        {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions().AddClientFields(Request);
-
-            return SimilarItemsHelper.GetSimilarItemsResult(
-                dtoOptions,
-                _userManager,
-                _libraryManager,
-                _dtoService,
-                userId,
-                albumId,
-                excludeArtistIds,
-                limit,
-                new[] { typeof(MusicAlbum) },
-                GetAlbumSimilarityScore);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Finds artists similar to a given artist.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="artistId">The artist id.</param>
-        /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
-        /// <param name="excludeArtistIds">Optional. Ids of artists to exclude.</param>
-        /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <response code="200">Similar artists returned.</response>
-        /// <returns>A <see cref="QueryResult{BaseItemDto}"/> with similar artists.</returns>
-        [HttpGet("Artists/{artistId}/Similar")]
-        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
-        public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetSimilarArtists(
-            [FromRoute, Required] string artistId,
-            [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
-            [FromQuery] string? excludeArtistIds,
-            [FromQuery] int? limit)
-        {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions().AddClientFields(Request);
-
-            return SimilarItemsHelper.GetSimilarItemsResult(
-                dtoOptions,
-                _userManager,
-                _libraryManager,
-                _dtoService,
-                userId,
-                artistId,
-                excludeArtistIds,
-                limit,
-                new[] { typeof(MusicArtist) },
-                SimilarItemsHelper.GetSimiliarityScore);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets a similairty score of two albums.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="item1">The first item.</param>
-        /// <param name="item1People">The item1 people.</param>
-        /// <param name="allPeople">All people.</param>
-        /// <param name="item2">The second item.</param>
-        /// <returns>System.Int32.</returns>
-        private int GetAlbumSimilarityScore(BaseItem item1, List<PersonInfo> item1People, List<PersonInfo> allPeople, BaseItem item2)
-        {
-            var points = SimilarItemsHelper.GetSimiliarityScore(item1, item1People, allPeople, item2);
-
-            var album1 = (MusicAlbum)item1;
-            var album2 = (MusicAlbum)item2;
-
-            var artists1 = album1
-                .GetAllArtists()
-                .DistinctNames()
-                .ToList();
-
-            var artists2 = new HashSet<string>(
-                album2.GetAllArtists().DistinctNames(),
-                StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-
-            return points + artists1.Where(artists2.Contains).Sum(i => 5);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs
index 826fce6b0c..9bad206e02 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ArtistsController.cs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
         /// <param name="searchTerm">Optional. Search term.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="excludeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered out based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="includeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply.</param>
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? person,
             [FromQuery] string? personIds,
             [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
@@ -114,8 +114,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
@@ -262,7 +261,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
         /// <param name="searchTerm">Optional. Search term.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="excludeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered out based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="includeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply.</param>
@@ -297,7 +296,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? person,
             [FromQuery] string? personIds,
             [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
@@ -323,8 +322,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs
index 20fc96ba83..ec9d7cdce1 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ChannelsController.cs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="sortOrder">Optional. Sort Order - Ascending,Descending.</param>
         /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply.</param>
         /// <param name="sortBy">Optional. Specify one or more sort orders, comma delimited. Options: Album, AlbumArtist, Artist, Budget, CommunityRating, CriticRating, DateCreated, DatePlayed, PlayCount, PremiereDate, ProductionYear, SortName, Random, Revenue, Runtime.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Channel items returned.</response>
         /// <returns>
         /// A <see cref="Task"/> representing the request to get the channel items.
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? sortOrder,
             [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
             [FromQuery] string? sortBy,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields)
         {
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
@@ -137,8 +137,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 ChannelIds = new[] { channelId },
                 ParentId = folderId ?? Guid.Empty,
                 OrderBy = RequestHelpers.GetOrderBy(sortBy, sortOrder),
-                DtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                    .AddItemFields(fields)
+                DtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
             };
 
             foreach (var filter in filters)
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The record index to start at. All items with a lower index will be dropped from the results.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
         /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="channelIds">Optional. Specify one or more channel id's, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Latest channel items returned.</response>
         /// <returns>
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? channelIds)
         {
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
@@ -214,8 +213,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                     .Where(i => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(i))
                     .Select(i => new Guid(i))
                     .ToArray(),
-                DtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                    .AddItemFields(fields)
+                DtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
             };
 
             foreach (var filter in filters)
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DisplayPreferencesController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DisplayPreferencesController.cs
index 874467c75b..76f5717e30 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DisplayPreferencesController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DisplayPreferencesController.cs
@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             dto.CustomPrefs["enableNextVideoInfoOverlay"] = displayPreferences.EnableNextVideoInfoOverlay.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
             dto.CustomPrefs["tvhome"] = displayPreferences.TvHome;
 
+            // This will essentially be a noop if no changes have been made, but new prefs must be saved at least.
+            _displayPreferencesManager.SaveChanges();
+
             return dto;
         }
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DlnaServerController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DlnaServerController.cs
index 271ae293b4..4e6455eaa7 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DlnaServerController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DlnaServerController.cs
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// Gets Dlna media receiver registrar xml.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="serverId">Server UUID.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Dlna media receiver registrar xml returned.</response>
         /// <returns>Dlna media receiver registrar xml.</returns>
         [HttpGet("{serverId}/MediaReceiverRegistrar")]
         [HttpGet("{serverId}/MediaReceiverRegistrar/MediaReceiverRegistrar", Name = "GetMediaReceiverRegistrar_2")]
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// Gets Dlna media receiver registrar xml.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="serverId">Server UUID.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Dlna media receiver registrar xml returned.</response>
         /// <returns>Dlna media receiver registrar xml.</returns>
         [HttpGet("{serverId}/ConnectionManager")]
         [HttpGet("{serverId}/ConnectionManager/ConnectionManager", Name = "GetConnectionManager_2")]
@@ -111,8 +113,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// Process a content directory control request.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="serverId">Server UUID.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Request processed.</response>
         /// <returns>Control response.</returns>
         [HttpPost("{serverId}/ContentDirectory/Control")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        [Produces(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
+        [ProducesFile(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<ControlResponse>> ProcessContentDirectoryControlRequest([FromRoute, Required] string serverId)
         {
             return await ProcessControlRequestInternalAsync(serverId, Request.Body, _contentDirectory).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -122,8 +128,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// Process a connection manager control request.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="serverId">Server UUID.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Request processed.</response>
         /// <returns>Control response.</returns>
         [HttpPost("{serverId}/ConnectionManager/Control")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        [Produces(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
+        [ProducesFile(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<ControlResponse>> ProcessConnectionManagerControlRequest([FromRoute, Required] string serverId)
         {
             return await ProcessControlRequestInternalAsync(serverId, Request.Body, _connectionManager).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -133,8 +143,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// Process a media receiver registrar control request.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="serverId">Server UUID.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Request processed.</response>
         /// <returns>Control response.</returns>
         [HttpPost("{serverId}/MediaReceiverRegistrar/Control")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        [Produces(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
+        [ProducesFile(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
         public async Task<ActionResult<ControlResponse>> ProcessMediaReceiverRegistrarControlRequest([FromRoute, Required] string serverId)
         {
             return await ProcessControlRequestInternalAsync(serverId, Request.Body, _mediaReceiverRegistrar).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -144,11 +158,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// Processes an event subscription request.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="serverId">Server UUID.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Request processed.</response>
         /// <returns>Event subscription response.</returns>
         [HttpSubscribe("{serverId}/MediaReceiverRegistrar/Events")]
         [HttpUnsubscribe("{serverId}/MediaReceiverRegistrar/Events")]
         [ApiExplorerSettings(IgnoreApi = true)] // Ignore in openapi docs
         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "serverId", Justification = "Required for DLNA")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        [Produces(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
+        [ProducesFile(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
         public ActionResult<EventSubscriptionResponse> ProcessMediaReceiverRegistrarEventRequest(string serverId)
         {
             return ProcessEventRequest(_mediaReceiverRegistrar);
@@ -158,11 +176,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// Processes an event subscription request.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="serverId">Server UUID.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Request processed.</response>
         /// <returns>Event subscription response.</returns>
         [HttpSubscribe("{serverId}/ContentDirectory/Events")]
         [HttpUnsubscribe("{serverId}/ContentDirectory/Events")]
         [ApiExplorerSettings(IgnoreApi = true)] // Ignore in openapi docs
         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "serverId", Justification = "Required for DLNA")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        [Produces(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
+        [ProducesFile(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
         public ActionResult<EventSubscriptionResponse> ProcessContentDirectoryEventRequest(string serverId)
         {
             return ProcessEventRequest(_contentDirectory);
@@ -172,11 +194,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// Processes an event subscription request.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="serverId">Server UUID.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Request processed.</response>
         /// <returns>Event subscription response.</returns>
         [HttpSubscribe("{serverId}/ConnectionManager/Events")]
         [HttpUnsubscribe("{serverId}/ConnectionManager/Events")]
         [ApiExplorerSettings(IgnoreApi = true)] // Ignore in openapi docs
         [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1801:ReviewUnusedParameters", MessageId = "serverId", Justification = "Required for DLNA")]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        [Produces(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
+        [ProducesFile(MediaTypeNames.Text.Xml)]
         public ActionResult<EventSubscriptionResponse> ProcessConnectionManagerEventRequest(string serverId)
         {
             return ProcessEventRequest(_connectionManager);
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DynamicHlsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DynamicHlsController.cs
index fc13fb8735..28357091bb 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DynamicHlsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/DynamicHlsController.cs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.StreamingDtos;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Devices;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dlna;
@@ -1373,8 +1374,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var inputModifier = _encodingHelper.GetInputModifier(state, _encodingOptions);
             var mapArgs = state.IsOutputVideo ? _encodingHelper.GetMapArgs(state) : string.Empty;
 
+            var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({outputPath}) is not valid.", nameof(outputPath));
             var outputFileNameWithoutExtension = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(outputPath);
-            var outputPrefix = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath), outputFileNameWithoutExtension);
+            var outputPrefix = Path.Combine(directory, outputFileNameWithoutExtension);
             var outputExtension = GetSegmentFileExtension(state.Request.SegmentContainer);
             var outputTsArg = outputPrefix + "%d" + outputExtension;
 
@@ -1684,8 +1686,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
 
         private string GetSegmentPath(StreamState state, string playlist, int index)
         {
-            var folder = Path.GetDirectoryName(playlist);
-
+            var folder = Path.GetDirectoryName(playlist) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({playlist}) is not valid.", nameof(playlist));
             var filename = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(playlist);
 
             return Path.Combine(folder, filename + index.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + GetSegmentFileExtension(state.Request.SegmentContainer));
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/EnvironmentController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/EnvironmentController.cs
index ce88b0b995..6dd5362547 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/EnvironmentController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/EnvironmentController.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.EnvironmentDtos;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
@@ -103,6 +104,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
 
                 if (validatePathDto.ValidateWritable)
                 {
+                    if (validatePathDto.Path == null)
+                    {
+                        throw new ResourceNotFoundException(nameof(validatePathDto.Path));
+                    }
+
                     var file = Path.Combine(validatePathDto.Path, Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
                     try
                     {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs
index 2a567c8461..008bb58d16 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/FilterController.cs
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var query = new InternalItemsQuery
             {
                 User = user,
-                MediaTypes = (mediaTypes ?? string.Empty).Split(new[] { ',' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries),
-                IncludeItemTypes = (includeItemTypes ?? string.Empty).Split(new[] { ',' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries),
+                MediaTypes = (mediaTypes ?? string.Empty).Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries),
+                IncludeItemTypes = (includeItemTypes ?? string.Empty).Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries),
                 Recursive = true,
                 EnableTotalRecordCount = false,
                 DtoOptions = new DtoOptions
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var genreQuery = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
                 IncludeItemTypes =
-                    (includeItemTypes ?? string.Empty).Split(new[] { ',' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries),
+                    (includeItemTypes ?? string.Empty).Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries),
                 DtoOptions = new DtoOptions
                 {
                     Fields = Array.Empty<ItemFields>(),
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs
index aa7d02de00..9c222135d0 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/GenresController.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using System;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
-using System.Globalization;
 using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
@@ -49,30 +48,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets all genres from a given item, folder, or the entire library.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="minCommunityRating">Optional filter by minimum community rating.</param>
         /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The record index to start at. All items with a lower index will be dropped from the results.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
         /// <param name="searchTerm">The search term.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="excludeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered out based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="includeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered in based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply.</param>
         /// <param name="isFavorite">Optional filter by items that are marked as favorite, or not.</param>
-        /// <param name="mediaTypes">Optional filter by MediaType. Allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="genres">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on genre. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="genreIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on genre id. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="officialRatings">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on OfficialRating. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="tags">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on tag. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="years">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on production year. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional, include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional, the max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
-        /// <param name="person">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person.</param>
-        /// <param name="personIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person id.</param>
-        /// <param name="personTypes">Optional. If specified, along with Person, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person and PersonType. Allows multiple, comma-delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="studios">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on studio. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="studioIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on studio id. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
         /// <param name="nameStartsWithOrGreater">Optional filter by items whose name is sorted equally or greater than a given input string.</param>
         /// <param name="nameStartsWith">Optional filter by items whose name is sorted equally than a given input string.</param>
@@ -84,30 +69,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetGenres(
-            [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? genres,
-            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string? tags,
-            [FromQuery] string? years,
-            [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? person,
-            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? studios,
-            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
             [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
@@ -115,45 +86,24 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
-                .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
+                .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, false, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
-            User? user = null;
-            BaseItem parentItem;
+            User? user = userId.HasValue && userId != Guid.Empty ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value) : null;
 
-            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
-            {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
-                parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.RootFolder : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
-            }
+            var parentItem = _libraryManager.GetParentItem(parentId, userId);
 
             var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
                 ExcludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(excludeItemTypes, ',', true),
                 IncludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(includeItemTypes, ',', true),
-                MediaTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(mediaTypes, ',', true),
                 StartIndex = startIndex,
                 Limit = limit,
                 IsFavorite = isFavorite,
                 NameLessThan = nameLessThan,
                 NameStartsWith = nameStartsWith,
                 NameStartsWithOrGreater = nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-                Tags = RequestHelpers.Split(tags, '|', true),
-                OfficialRatings = RequestHelpers.Split(officialRatings, '|', true),
-                Genres = RequestHelpers.Split(genres, '|', true),
-                GenreIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(genreIds),
-                StudioIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(studioIds),
-                Person = person,
-                PersonIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(personIds),
-                PersonTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(personTypes, ',', true),
-                Years = RequestHelpers.Split(years, ',', true).Select(y => Convert.ToInt32(y, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray(),
-                MinCommunityRating = minCommunityRating,
                 DtoOptions = dtoOptions,
                 SearchTerm = searchTerm,
                 EnableTotalRecordCount = enableTotalRecordCount
@@ -171,87 +121,20 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 }
             }
 
-            // Studios
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(studios))
+            QueryResult<(BaseItem, ItemCounts)> result;
+            if (parentItem is ICollectionFolder parentCollectionFolder
+                && (string.Equals(parentCollectionFolder.CollectionType, CollectionType.Music, StringComparison.Ordinal)
+                || string.Equals(parentCollectionFolder.CollectionType, CollectionType.MusicVideos, StringComparison.Ordinal)))
             {
-                query.StudioIds = studios.Split('|')
-                    .Select(i =>
-                    {
-                        try
-                        {
-                            return _libraryManager.GetStudio(i);
-                        }
-                        catch
-                        {
-                            return null;
-                        }
-                    }).Where(i => i != null)
-                    .Select(i => i!.Id)
-                    .ToArray();
+                result = _libraryManager.GetMusicGenres(query);
             }
-
-            foreach (var filter in filters)
+            else
             {
-                switch (filter)
-                {
-                    case ItemFilter.Dislikes:
-                        query.IsLiked = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFavorite:
-                        query.IsFavorite = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFavoriteOrLikes:
-                        query.IsFavoriteOrLiked = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFolder:
-                        query.IsFolder = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsNotFolder:
-                        query.IsFolder = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsPlayed:
-                        query.IsPlayed = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsResumable:
-                        query.IsResumable = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsUnplayed:
-                        query.IsPlayed = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.Likes:
-                        query.IsLiked = true;
-                        break;
-                }
+                result = _libraryManager.GetGenres(query);
             }
 
-            var result = new QueryResult<(BaseItem, ItemCounts)>();
-
-            var dtos = result.Items.Select(i =>
-            {
-                var (baseItem, counts) = i;
-                var dto = _dtoService.GetItemByNameDto(baseItem, dtoOptions, null, user);
-
-                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(includeItemTypes))
-                {
-                    dto.ChildCount = counts.ItemCount;
-                    dto.ProgramCount = counts.ProgramCount;
-                    dto.SeriesCount = counts.SeriesCount;
-                    dto.EpisodeCount = counts.EpisodeCount;
-                    dto.MovieCount = counts.MovieCount;
-                    dto.TrailerCount = counts.TrailerCount;
-                    dto.AlbumCount = counts.AlbumCount;
-                    dto.SongCount = counts.SongCount;
-                    dto.ArtistCount = counts.ArtistCount;
-                }
-
-                return dto;
-            });
-
-            return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>
-            {
-                Items = dtos.ToArray(),
-                TotalRecordCount = result.TotalRecordCount
-            };
+            var shouldIncludeItemTypes = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(includeItemTypes);
+            return RequestHelpers.CreateQueryResult(result, dtoOptions, _dtoService, shouldIncludeItemTypes, user);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -293,7 +176,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             return _dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(item, dtoOptions);
         }
 
-        private T GetItemFromSlugName<T>(ILibraryManager libraryManager, string name, DtoOptions dtoOptions)
+        private T? GetItemFromSlugName<T>(ILibraryManager libraryManager, string name, DtoOptions dtoOptions)
             where T : BaseItem, new()
         {
             var result = libraryManager.GetItemList(new InternalItemsQuery
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/HlsSegmentController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/HlsSegmentController.cs
index 054e586ce3..3b75e8d431 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/HlsSegmentController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/HlsSegmentController.cs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using Jellyfin.Api.Attributes;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
@@ -134,7 +135,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var playlistPath = _fileSystem.GetFilePaths(transcodeFolderPath)
                 .FirstOrDefault(i =>
                     string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(i), ".m3u8", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
-                    && i.IndexOf(normalizedPlaylistId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1);
+                    && i.IndexOf(normalizedPlaylistId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)
+                ?? throw new ResourceNotFoundException($"Provided path ({transcodeFolderPath}) is not valid.");
 
             return GetFileResult(file, playlistPath);
         }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ImageByNameController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ImageByNameController.cs
index 980c3273dd..198dbc51fc 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ImageByNameController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ImageByNameController.cs
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="theme">Theme to search.</param>
         /// <param name="name">File name to search for.</param>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="FileStreamResult"/> containing the image contents on success, or a <see cref="NotFoundResult"/> if the image could not be found.</returns>
-        private ActionResult GetImageFile(string basePath, string? theme, string? name)
+        private ActionResult GetImageFile(string basePath, string theme, string? name)
         {
             var themeFolder = Path.Combine(basePath, theme);
             if (Directory.Exists(themeFolder))
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ImageController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ImageController.cs
index 4a67c1aede..76e53b9a53 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ImageController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ImageController.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Net.Mime;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Attributes;
@@ -1268,7 +1269,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 Response.Headers.Add(key, value);
             }
 
-            Response.ContentType = imageContentType;
+            Response.ContentType = imageContentType ?? MediaTypeNames.Text.Plain;
             Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.Age, Convert.ToInt64((DateTime.UtcNow - dateImageModified).TotalSeconds).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
             Response.Headers.Add(HeaderNames.Vary, HeaderNames.Accept);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs
index 7f8a2be12e..d17a26db43 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/InstantMixController.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
 using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
+using Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="id">The item id.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -68,18 +69,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute, Required] Guid id,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
             var items = _musicManager.GetInstantMixFromItem(item, user, dtoOptions);
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="id">The item id.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -105,18 +105,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute, Required] Guid id,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
         {
             var album = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
             var items = _musicManager.GetInstantMixFromItem(album, user, dtoOptions);
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="id">The item id.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -142,18 +141,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute, Required] Guid id,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
         {
             var playlist = (Playlist)_libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
             var items = _musicManager.GetInstantMixFromItem(playlist, user, dtoOptions);
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="name">The genre name.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -179,17 +177,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute, Required] string name,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
         {
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
             var items = _musicManager.GetInstantMixFromGenres(new[] { name }, user, dtoOptions);
@@ -202,7 +199,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="id">The item id.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -215,18 +212,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute, Required] Guid id,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
             var items = _musicManager.GetInstantMixFromItem(item, user, dtoOptions);
@@ -239,7 +235,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="id">The item id.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -252,18 +248,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute, Required] Guid id,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
             var items = _musicManager.GetInstantMixFromItem(item, user, dtoOptions);
@@ -276,7 +271,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="id">The item id.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">Optional. Filter by user id, and attach user data.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -289,18 +284,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromRoute, Required] Guid id,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
         {
             var item = _libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
             var items = _musicManager.GetInstantMixFromItem(item, user, dtoOptions);
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemLookupController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemLookupController.cs
index ab73aa4286..a7c1a63882 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemLookupController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemLookupController.cs
@@ -334,10 +334,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         private async Task DownloadImage(string providerName, string url, Guid urlHash, string pointerCachePath)
         {
             using var result = await _providerManager.GetSearchImage(providerName, url, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (result.Content.Headers.ContentType?.MediaType == null)
+            {
+                throw new ResourceNotFoundException(nameof(result.Content.Headers.ContentType));
+            }
+
             var ext = result.Content.Headers.ContentType.MediaType.Split('/')[^1];
             var fullCachePath = GetFullCachePath(urlHash + "." + ext);
 
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(fullCachePath));
+            var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullCachePath) ?? throw new ResourceNotFoundException($"Provided path ({fullCachePath}) is not valid.");
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
             using (var stream = result.Content)
             {
                 await using var fileStream = new FileStream(
@@ -351,7 +357,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 await stream.CopyToAsync(fileStream).ConfigureAwait(false);
             }
 
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(pointerCachePath));
+            var pointerCacheDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(pointerCachePath) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({pointerCachePath}) is not valid.", nameof(pointerCachePath));
+
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(pointerCacheDirectory);
             await System.IO.File.WriteAllTextAsync(pointerCachePath, fullCachePath).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs
index 7ca5775438..d8d371ebc3 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/ItemsController.cs
@@ -180,13 +180,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? sortOrder,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
             [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] imageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] imageTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? sortBy,
             [FromQuery] bool? isPlayed,
             [FromQuery] string? genres,
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? person,
             [FromQuery] string? personIds,
             [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
@@ -234,8 +234,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
@@ -533,11 +532,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true,
@@ -545,8 +544,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         {
             var user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId);
             var parentIdGuid = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(parentId) ? Guid.Empty : new Guid(parentId);
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs
index 8a872ae133..1b115d800b 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LibraryController.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using Jellyfin.Api.Attributes;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.LibraryDtos;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Progress;
@@ -455,7 +456,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 : null;
 
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions().AddClientFields(Request);
-            BaseItem parent = item.GetParent();
+            BaseItem? parent = item.GetParent();
 
             while (parent != null)
             {
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
 
                 baseItemDtos.Add(_dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(parent, dtoOptions, user));
 
-                parent = parent.GetParent();
+                parent = parent?.GetParent();
             }
 
             return baseItemDtos;
@@ -680,12 +681,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Similar items returned.</response>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="QueryResult{BaseItemDto}"/> containing the similar items.</returns>
-        [HttpGet("Artists/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarArtists2")]
+        [HttpGet("Artists/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarArtists")]
         [HttpGet("Items/{itemId}/Similar")]
-        [HttpGet("Albums/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarAlbums2")]
-        [HttpGet("Shows/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarShows2")]
-        [HttpGet("Movies/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarMovies2")]
-        [HttpGet("Trailers/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarTrailers2")]
+        [HttpGet("Albums/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarAlbums")]
+        [HttpGet("Shows/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarShows")]
+        [HttpGet("Movies/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarMovies")]
+        [HttpGet("Trailers/{itemId}/Similar", Name = "GetSimilarTrailers")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetSimilarItems(
@@ -693,7 +694,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? excludeArtistIds,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields)
         {
             var item = itemId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
@@ -701,33 +702,71 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                     : _libraryManager.RootFolder)
                 : _libraryManager.GetItemById(itemId);
 
+            if (item is Episode || (item is IItemByName && !(item is MusicArtist)))
+            {
+                return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>();
+            }
+
+            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
+                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
+                : null;
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
+                .AddClientFields(Request);
+
             var program = item as IHasProgramAttributes;
-            var isMovie = item is MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.Movies.Movie || (program != null && program.IsMovie) || item is Trailer;
-            if (program != null && program.IsSeries)
+            bool? isMovie = item is Movie || (program != null && program.IsMovie) || item is Trailer;
+            bool? isSeries = item is Series || (program != null && program.IsSeries);
+
+            var includeItemTypes = new List<string>();
+            if (isMovie.Value)
             {
-                return GetSimilarItemsResult(
-                    item,
-                    excludeArtistIds,
-                    userId,
-                    limit,
-                    fields,
-                    new[] { nameof(Series) },
-                    false);
+                includeItemTypes.Add(nameof(Movie));
+                if (_serverConfigurationManager.Configuration.EnableExternalContentInSuggestions)
+                {
+                    includeItemTypes.Add(nameof(Trailer));
+                    includeItemTypes.Add(nameof(LiveTvProgram));
+                }
+            }
+            else if (isSeries.Value)
+            {
+                includeItemTypes.Add(nameof(Series));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // For non series and movie types these columns are typically null
+                isSeries = null;
+                isMovie = null;
+                includeItemTypes.Add(item.GetType().Name);
             }
 
-            if (item is MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.TV.Episode || (item is IItemByName && !(item is MusicArtist)))
+            var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
-                return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>();
+                Limit = limit,
+                IncludeItemTypes = includeItemTypes.ToArray(),
+                IsMovie = isMovie,
+                IsSeries = isSeries,
+                SimilarTo = item,
+                DtoOptions = dtoOptions,
+                EnableTotalRecordCount = !isMovie ?? true,
+                EnableGroupByMetadataKey = isMovie ?? false,
+                MinSimilarityScore = 2 // A remnant from album/artist scoring
+            };
+
+            // ExcludeArtistIds
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(excludeArtistIds))
+            {
+                query.ExcludeArtistIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(excludeArtistIds);
             }
 
-            return GetSimilarItemsResult(
-                item,
-                excludeArtistIds,
-                userId,
-                limit,
-                fields,
-                new[] { item.GetType().Name },
-                isMovie);
+            List<BaseItem> itemsResult = _libraryManager.GetItemList(query);
+
+            var returnList = _dtoService.GetBaseItemDtos(itemsResult, dtoOptions, user);
+
+            return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>
+            {
+                Items = returnList,
+                TotalRecordCount = itemsResult.Count
+            };
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -854,7 +893,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             return _libraryManager.GetItemsResult(query).TotalRecordCount;
         }
 
-        private BaseItem TranslateParentItem(BaseItem item, User user)
+        private BaseItem? TranslateParentItem(BaseItem item, User user)
         {
             return item.GetParent() is AggregateFolder
                 ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder().GetChildren(user, true)
@@ -880,75 +919,6 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             }
         }
 
-        private QueryResult<BaseItemDto> GetSimilarItemsResult(
-            BaseItem item,
-            string? excludeArtistIds,
-            Guid? userId,
-            int? limit,
-            string? fields,
-            string[] includeItemTypes,
-            bool isMovie)
-        {
-            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
-                ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
-                : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
-                .AddClientFields(Request);
-
-            var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
-            {
-                Limit = limit,
-                IncludeItemTypes = includeItemTypes,
-                IsMovie = isMovie,
-                SimilarTo = item,
-                DtoOptions = dtoOptions,
-                EnableTotalRecordCount = !isMovie,
-                EnableGroupByMetadataKey = isMovie
-            };
-
-            // ExcludeArtistIds
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(excludeArtistIds))
-            {
-                query.ExcludeArtistIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(excludeArtistIds);
-            }
-
-            List<BaseItem> itemsResult;
-
-            if (isMovie)
-            {
-                var itemTypes = new List<string> { nameof(MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities.Movies.Movie) };
-                if (_serverConfigurationManager.Configuration.EnableExternalContentInSuggestions)
-                {
-                    itemTypes.Add(nameof(Trailer));
-                    itemTypes.Add(nameof(LiveTvProgram));
-                }
-
-                query.IncludeItemTypes = itemTypes.ToArray();
-                itemsResult = _libraryManager.GetArtists(query).Items.Select(i => i.Item1).ToList();
-            }
-            else if (item is MusicArtist)
-            {
-                query.IncludeItemTypes = Array.Empty<string>();
-
-                itemsResult = _libraryManager.GetArtists(query).Items.Select(i => i.Item1).ToList();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                itemsResult = _libraryManager.GetItemList(query);
-            }
-
-            var returnList = _dtoService.GetBaseItemDtos(itemsResult, dtoOptions, user);
-
-            var result = new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>
-            {
-                Items = returnList,
-                TotalRecordCount = itemsResult.Count
-            };
-
-            return result;
-        }
-
         private static string[] GetRepresentativeItemTypes(string? contentType)
         {
             return contentType switch
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs
index 88a7542cee..29c0f1df4d 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/LiveTvController.cs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ using Jellyfin.Api.Attributes;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.LiveTvDtos;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Enums;
 using MediaBrowser.Common;
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">"Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="sortBy">Optional. Key to sort by.</param>
         /// <param name="sortOrder">Optional. Sort order.</param>
@@ -146,16 +147,15 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? isDisliked,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] string? sortBy,
             [FromQuery] SortOrder? sortOrder,
             [FromQuery] bool enableFavoriteSorting = false,
             [FromQuery] bool addCurrentProgram = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="isMovie">Optional. Filter for movies.</param>
         /// <param name="isSeries">Optional. Filter for series.</param>
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? seriesTimerId,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] bool? isMovie,
             [FromQuery] bool? isSeries,
@@ -274,8 +274,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? isLibraryItem,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
@@ -296,7 +295,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 IsKids = isKids,
                 IsSports = isSports,
                 IsLibraryItem = isLibraryItem,
-                Fields = RequestHelpers.GetItemFields(fields),
+                Fields = fields,
                 ImageTypeLimit = imageTypeLimit,
                 EnableImages = enableImages
             }, dtoOptions);
@@ -316,7 +315,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="enableTotalRecordCount">Optional. Return total record count.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Live tv recordings returned.</response>
@@ -350,8 +349,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? seriesTimerId,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -530,7 +529,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="seriesTimerId">Optional. Filter by series timer id.</param>
         /// <param name="librarySeriesId">Optional. Filter by library series id.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableTotalRecordCount">Retrieve total record count.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Live tv epgs returned.</response>
         /// <returns>
@@ -561,11 +560,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] string? seriesTimerId,
             [FromQuery] Guid? librarySeriesId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
@@ -606,8 +605,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 }
             }
 
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
             return await _liveTvManager.GetPrograms(query, dtoOptions, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -662,8 +660,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 }
             }
 
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(body.Fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = body.Fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(body.EnableImages, body.EnableUserData, body.ImageTypeLimit, body.EnableImageTypes);
             return await _liveTvManager.GetPrograms(query, dtoOptions, CancellationToken.None).ConfigureAwait(false);
@@ -685,7 +682,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="genreIds">The genres to return guide information for.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="enableTotalRecordCount">Retrieve total record count.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Recommended epgs returned.</response>
@@ -705,9 +702,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? isSports,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
@@ -729,8 +726,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 GenreIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(genreIds)
             };
 
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
             return _liveTvManager.GetRecommendedPrograms(query, dtoOptions, CancellationToken.None);
@@ -1077,7 +1073,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var client = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient(NamedClient.Default);
             // https://json.schedulesdirect.org/20141201/available/countries
             // Can't dispose the response as it's required up the call chain.
-            var response = await client.GetAsync("https://json.schedulesdirect.org/20141201/available/countries")
+            var response = await client.GetAsync(new Uri("https://json.schedulesdirect.org/20141201/available/countries"))
                 .ConfigureAwait(false);
 
             return File(await response.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync().ConfigureAwait(false), MediaTypeNames.Application.Json);
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs
index afb536e747..ebc148fe56 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MoviesController.cs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using System.Globalization;
 using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
+using Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Entities;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Enums;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
@@ -65,15 +66,14 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult<IEnumerable<RecommendationDto>> GetMovieRecommendations(
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] int categoryLimit = 5,
             [FromQuery] int itemLimit = 8)
         {
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
                 ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
                 : null;
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request);
 
             var categories = new List<RecommendationDto>();
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs
index 4de7ef8c88..229d9ff022 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/MusicGenresController.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using System;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
-using System.Globalization;
 using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
@@ -49,30 +48,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets all music genres from a given item, folder, or the entire library.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="minCommunityRating">Optional filter by minimum community rating.</param>
         /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The record index to start at. All items with a lower index will be dropped from the results.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
         /// <param name="searchTerm">The search term.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="excludeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered out based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="includeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered in based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply.</param>
         /// <param name="isFavorite">Optional filter by items that are marked as favorite, or not.</param>
-        /// <param name="mediaTypes">Optional filter by MediaType. Allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="genres">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on genre. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="genreIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on genre id. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="officialRatings">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on OfficialRating. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="tags">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on tag. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="years">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on production year. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional, include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional, the max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
-        /// <param name="person">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person.</param>
-        /// <param name="personIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person id.</param>
-        /// <param name="personTypes">Optional. If specified, along with Person, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person and PersonType. Allows multiple, comma-delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="studios">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on studio. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="studioIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on studio id. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
         /// <param name="nameStartsWithOrGreater">Optional filter by items whose name is sorted equally or greater than a given input string.</param>
         /// <param name="nameStartsWith">Optional filter by items whose name is sorted equally than a given input string.</param>
@@ -82,31 +67,18 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <response code="200">Music genres returned.</response>
         /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the queryresult of music genres.</returns>
         [HttpGet]
+        [Obsolete("Use GetGenres instead")]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetMusicGenres(
-            [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? genres,
-            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string? tags,
-            [FromQuery] string? years,
-            [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? person,
-            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? studios,
-            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
             [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
@@ -114,45 +86,24 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
-                .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
+                .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, false, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
-            User? user = null;
-            BaseItem parentItem;
+            User? user = userId.HasValue && userId != Guid.Empty ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value) : null;
 
-            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
-            {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
-                parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.RootFolder : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
-            }
+            var parentItem = _libraryManager.GetParentItem(parentId, userId);
 
             var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
                 ExcludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(excludeItemTypes, ',', true),
                 IncludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(includeItemTypes, ',', true),
-                MediaTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(mediaTypes, ',', true),
                 StartIndex = startIndex,
                 Limit = limit,
                 IsFavorite = isFavorite,
                 NameLessThan = nameLessThan,
                 NameStartsWith = nameStartsWith,
                 NameStartsWithOrGreater = nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-                Tags = RequestHelpers.Split(tags, '|', true),
-                OfficialRatings = RequestHelpers.Split(officialRatings, '|', true),
-                Genres = RequestHelpers.Split(genres, '|', true),
-                GenreIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(genreIds),
-                StudioIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(studioIds),
-                Person = person,
-                PersonIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(personIds),
-                PersonTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(personTypes, ',', true),
-                Years = RequestHelpers.Split(years, ',', true).Select(y => Convert.ToInt32(y, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray(),
-                MinCommunityRating = minCommunityRating,
                 DtoOptions = dtoOptions,
                 SearchTerm = searchTerm,
                 EnableTotalRecordCount = enableTotalRecordCount
@@ -170,87 +121,10 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 }
             }
 
-            // Studios
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(studios))
-            {
-                query.StudioIds = studios.Split('|')
-                    .Select(i =>
-                    {
-                        try
-                        {
-                            return _libraryManager.GetStudio(i);
-                        }
-                        catch
-                        {
-                            return null;
-                        }
-                    }).Where(i => i != null)
-                    .Select(i => i!.Id)
-                    .ToArray();
-            }
-
-            foreach (var filter in filters)
-            {
-                switch (filter)
-                {
-                    case ItemFilter.Dislikes:
-                        query.IsLiked = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFavorite:
-                        query.IsFavorite = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFavoriteOrLikes:
-                        query.IsFavoriteOrLiked = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFolder:
-                        query.IsFolder = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsNotFolder:
-                        query.IsFolder = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsPlayed:
-                        query.IsPlayed = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsResumable:
-                        query.IsResumable = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsUnplayed:
-                        query.IsPlayed = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.Likes:
-                        query.IsLiked = true;
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
             var result = _libraryManager.GetMusicGenres(query);
 
-            var dtos = result.Items.Select(i =>
-            {
-                var (baseItem, counts) = i;
-                var dto = _dtoService.GetItemByNameDto(baseItem, dtoOptions, null, user);
-
-                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(includeItemTypes))
-                {
-                    dto.ChildCount = counts.ItemCount;
-                    dto.ProgramCount = counts.ProgramCount;
-                    dto.SeriesCount = counts.SeriesCount;
-                    dto.EpisodeCount = counts.EpisodeCount;
-                    dto.MovieCount = counts.MovieCount;
-                    dto.TrailerCount = counts.TrailerCount;
-                    dto.AlbumCount = counts.AlbumCount;
-                    dto.SongCount = counts.SongCount;
-                    dto.ArtistCount = counts.ArtistCount;
-                }
-
-                return dto;
-            });
-
-            return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>
-            {
-                Items = dtos.ToArray(),
-                TotalRecordCount = result.TotalRecordCount
-            };
+            var shouldIncludeItemTypes = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(includeItemTypes);
+            return RequestHelpers.CreateQueryResult(result, dtoOptions, _dtoService, shouldIncludeItemTypes, user);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -265,7 +139,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         {
             var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions().AddClientFields(Request);
 
-            MusicGenre item;
+            MusicGenre? item;
 
             if (genreName.IndexOf(BaseItem.SlugChar, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)
             {
@@ -286,7 +160,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             return _dtoService.GetBaseItemDto(item, dtoOptions);
         }
 
-        private T GetItemFromSlugName<T>(ILibraryManager libraryManager, string name, DtoOptions dtoOptions)
+        private T? GetItemFromSlugName<T>(ILibraryManager libraryManager, string name, DtoOptions dtoOptions)
             where T : BaseItem, new()
         {
             var result = libraryManager.GetItemList(new InternalItemsQuery
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PackageController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PackageController.cs
index 1d9de14d2d..1f797d6bc3 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PackageController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PackageController.cs
@@ -54,6 +54,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                     string.IsNullOrEmpty(assemblyGuid) ? default : Guid.Parse(assemblyGuid))
                 .FirstOrDefault();
 
+            if (result == null)
+            {
+                return NotFound();
+            }
+
             return result;
         }
 
@@ -149,12 +154,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="repositoryInfos">The list of package repositories.</param>
         /// <response code="204">Package repositories saved.</response>
         /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
-        [HttpOptions("Repositories")]
+        [HttpPost("Repositories")]
         [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status204NoContent)]
         public ActionResult SetRepositories([FromBody] List<RepositoryInfo> repositoryInfos)
         {
             _serverConfigurationManager.Configuration.PluginRepositories = repositoryInfos;
+            _serverConfigurationManager.SaveConfiguration();
             return NoContent();
         }
     }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs
index f173f75ba3..6ac3e6417a 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PersonsController.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using System;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
-using System.Globalization;
 using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
@@ -28,6 +27,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         private readonly ILibraryManager _libraryManager;
         private readonly IDtoService _dtoService;
         private readonly IUserManager _userManager;
+        private readonly IUserDataManager _userDataManager;
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="PersonsController"/> class.
@@ -35,221 +35,81 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="libraryManager">Instance of the <see cref="ILibraryManager"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="dtoService">Instance of the <see cref="IDtoService"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="userManager">Instance of the <see cref="IUserManager"/> interface.</param>
+        /// <param name="userDataManager">Instance of the <see cref="IUserDataManager"/> interface.</param>
         public PersonsController(
             ILibraryManager libraryManager,
             IDtoService dtoService,
-            IUserManager userManager)
+            IUserManager userManager,
+            IUserDataManager userDataManager)
         {
             _libraryManager = libraryManager;
             _dtoService = dtoService;
             _userManager = userManager;
+            _userDataManager = userDataManager;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
-        /// Gets all persons from a given item, folder, or the entire library.
+        /// Gets all persons.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="minCommunityRating">Optional filter by minimum community rating.</param>
-        /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The record index to start at. All items with a lower index will be dropped from the results.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
         /// <param name="searchTerm">The search term.</param>
-        /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
-        /// <param name="excludeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered out based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="includeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered in based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: IsFolder, IsNotFolder, IsUnplayed, IsPlayed, IsFavorite, IsResumable, Likes, Dislikes.</param>
-        /// <param name="isFavorite">Optional filter by items that are marked as favorite, or not.</param>
-        /// <param name="mediaTypes">Optional filter by MediaType. Allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="genres">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on genre. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="genreIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on genre id. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="officialRatings">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on OfficialRating. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="tags">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on tag. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="years">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on production year. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
+        /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply.</param>
+        /// <param name="isFavorite">Optional filter by items that are marked as favorite, or not. userId is required.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional, include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional, the max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
-        /// <param name="person">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person.</param>
-        /// <param name="personIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person id.</param>
-        /// <param name="personTypes">Optional. If specified, along with Person, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person and PersonType. Allows multiple, comma-delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="studios">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on studio. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="studioIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on studio id. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
+        /// <param name="excludePersonTypes">Optional. If specified results will be filtered to exclude those containing the specified PersonType. Allows multiple, comma-delimited.</param>
+        /// <param name="personTypes">Optional. If specified results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified PersonType. Allows multiple, comma-delimited.</param>
+        /// <param name="appearsInItemId">Optional. If specified, person results will be filtered on items related to said persons.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
-        /// <param name="nameStartsWithOrGreater">Optional filter by items whose name is sorted equally or greater than a given input string.</param>
-        /// <param name="nameStartsWith">Optional filter by items whose name is sorted equally than a given input string.</param>
-        /// <param name="nameLessThan">Optional filter by items whose name is equally or lesser than a given input string.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional, include image information in output.</param>
-        /// <param name="enableTotalRecordCount">Optional. Include total record count.</param>
         /// <response code="200">Persons returned.</response>
         /// <returns>An <see cref="OkResult"/> containing the queryresult of persons.</returns>
         [HttpGet]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetPersons(
-            [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
-            [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
-            [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
-            [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? genres,
-            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string? tags,
-            [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? person,
-            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery] string? excludePersonTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? studios,
-            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery] string? appearsInItemId,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
-            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-            [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
-            [FromQuery] string? nameLessThan,
-            [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
-            [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
+            [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
             User? user = null;
-            BaseItem parentItem;
 
             if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
             {
                 user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
-                parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.RootFolder : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
             }
 
-            var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
+            var isFavoriteInFilters = filters.Any(f => f == ItemFilter.IsFavorite);
+            var peopleItems = _libraryManager.GetPeopleItems(new InternalPeopleQuery
             {
-                ExcludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(excludeItemTypes, ',', true),
-                IncludeItemTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(includeItemTypes, ',', true),
-                MediaTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(mediaTypes, ',', true),
-                StartIndex = startIndex,
-                Limit = limit,
-                IsFavorite = isFavorite,
-                NameLessThan = nameLessThan,
-                NameStartsWith = nameStartsWith,
-                NameStartsWithOrGreater = nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-                Tags = RequestHelpers.Split(tags, '|', true),
-                OfficialRatings = RequestHelpers.Split(officialRatings, '|', true),
-                Genres = RequestHelpers.Split(genres, '|', true),
-                GenreIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(genreIds),
-                StudioIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(studioIds),
-                Person = person,
-                PersonIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(personIds),
                 PersonTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(personTypes, ',', true),
-                Years = RequestHelpers.Split(years, ',', true).Select(y => Convert.ToInt32(y, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray(),
-                MinCommunityRating = minCommunityRating,
-                DtoOptions = dtoOptions,
-                SearchTerm = searchTerm,
-                EnableTotalRecordCount = enableTotalRecordCount
-            };
-
-            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(parentId))
-            {
-                if (parentItem is Folder)
-                {
-                    query.AncestorIds = new[] { new Guid(parentId) };
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    query.ItemIds = new[] { new Guid(parentId) };
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Studios
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(studios))
-            {
-                query.StudioIds = studios.Split('|')
-                    .Select(i =>
-                    {
-                        try
-                        {
-                            return _libraryManager.GetStudio(i);
-                        }
-                        catch
-                        {
-                            return null;
-                        }
-                    }).Where(i => i != null)
-                    .Select(i => i!.Id)
-                    .ToArray();
-            }
-
-            foreach (var filter in filters)
-            {
-                switch (filter)
-                {
-                    case ItemFilter.Dislikes:
-                        query.IsLiked = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFavorite:
-                        query.IsFavorite = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFavoriteOrLikes:
-                        query.IsFavoriteOrLiked = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFolder:
-                        query.IsFolder = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsNotFolder:
-                        query.IsFolder = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsPlayed:
-                        query.IsPlayed = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsResumable:
-                        query.IsResumable = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsUnplayed:
-                        query.IsPlayed = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.Likes:
-                        query.IsLiked = true;
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            var result = new QueryResult<(BaseItem, ItemCounts)>();
-
-            var dtos = result.Items.Select(i =>
-            {
-                var (baseItem, counts) = i;
-                var dto = _dtoService.GetItemByNameDto(baseItem, dtoOptions, null, user);
-
-                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(includeItemTypes))
-                {
-                    dto.ChildCount = counts.ItemCount;
-                    dto.ProgramCount = counts.ProgramCount;
-                    dto.SeriesCount = counts.SeriesCount;
-                    dto.EpisodeCount = counts.EpisodeCount;
-                    dto.MovieCount = counts.MovieCount;
-                    dto.TrailerCount = counts.TrailerCount;
-                    dto.AlbumCount = counts.AlbumCount;
-                    dto.SongCount = counts.SongCount;
-                    dto.ArtistCount = counts.ArtistCount;
-                }
-
-                return dto;
+                ExcludePersonTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(excludePersonTypes, ',', true),
+                NameContains = searchTerm,
+                User = user,
+                IsFavorite = !isFavorite.HasValue && isFavoriteInFilters ? true : isFavorite,
+                AppearsInItemId = string.IsNullOrEmpty(appearsInItemId) ? Guid.Empty : Guid.Parse(appearsInItemId),
+                Limit = limit ?? 0
             });
 
             return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>
             {
-                Items = dtos.ToArray(),
-                TotalRecordCount = result.TotalRecordCount
+                Items = peopleItems.Select(person => _dtoService.GetItemByNameDto(person, dtoOptions, null, user)).ToArray(),
+                TotalRecordCount = peopleItems.Count
             };
         }
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs
index 0419b2436b..4b3d8d3d39 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/PlaylistsController.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaylistDtos;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
         /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The record index to start at. All items with a lower index will be dropped from the results.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional. Include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -148,11 +149,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery, Required] Guid userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
         {
             var playlist = (Playlist)_libraryManager.GetItemById(playlistId);
             if (playlist == null)
@@ -176,8 +177,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 items = items.Take(limit.Value).ToArray();
             }
 
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs
index 5f095443b9..5284888d82 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/RemoteImageController.cs
@@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
         [ProducesImageFile]
-        public async Task<ActionResult> GetRemoteImage([FromQuery, Required] string imageUrl)
+        public async Task<ActionResult> GetRemoteImage([FromQuery, Required] Uri imageUrl)
         {
-            var urlHash = imageUrl.GetMD5();
+            var urlHash = imageUrl.ToString().GetMD5();
             var pointerCachePath = GetFullCachePath(urlHash.ToString());
 
             string? contentPath = null;
@@ -245,17 +245,25 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="urlHash">The URL hash.</param>
         /// <param name="pointerCachePath">The pointer cache path.</param>
         /// <returns>Task.</returns>
-        private async Task DownloadImage(string url, Guid urlHash, string pointerCachePath)
+        private async Task DownloadImage(Uri url, Guid urlHash, string pointerCachePath)
         {
             var httpClient = _httpClientFactory.CreateClient(NamedClient.Default);
             using var response = await httpClient.GetAsync(url).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            var ext = response.Content.Headers.ContentType.MediaType.Split('/').Last();
+            if (response.Content.Headers.ContentType?.MediaType == null)
+            {
+                throw new ResourceNotFoundException(nameof(response.Content.Headers.ContentType));
+            }
+
+            var ext = response.Content.Headers.ContentType.MediaType.Split('/')[^1];
             var fullCachePath = GetFullCachePath(urlHash + "." + ext);
 
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(fullCachePath));
+            var fullCacheDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(fullCachePath) ?? throw new ResourceNotFoundException($"Provided path ({fullCachePath}) is not valid.");
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(fullCacheDirectory);
             await using var fileStream = new FileStream(fullCachePath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Read, IODefaults.FileStreamBufferSize, true);
             await response.Content.CopyToAsync(fileStream).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(pointerCachePath));
+
+            var pointerCacheDirectory = Path.GetDirectoryName(pointerCachePath) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({pointerCachePath}) is not valid.", nameof(pointerCachePath));
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(pointerCacheDirectory);
             await System.IO.File.WriteAllTextAsync(pointerCachePath, fullCachePath, CancellationToken.None)
                 .ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs
index 62c870cb1f..e75f0d06bb 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SearchController.cs
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             }
         }
 
-        private T GetParentWithImage<T>(BaseItem item, ImageType type)
+        private T? GetParentWithImage<T>(BaseItem item, ImageType type)
             where T : BaseItem
         {
             return item.GetParents().OfType<T>().FirstOrDefault(i => i.HasImage(type));
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs
index 94eb3f7faa..27dcd51bc2 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/StudiosController.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using System;
 using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
-using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
@@ -47,30 +46,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets all studios from a given item, folder, or the entire library.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="minCommunityRating">Optional filter by minimum community rating.</param>
         /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The record index to start at. All items with a lower index will be dropped from the results.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
         /// <param name="searchTerm">Optional. Search term.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="excludeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered out based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="includeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="filters">Optional. Specify additional filters to apply.</param>
         /// <param name="isFavorite">Optional filter by items that are marked as favorite, or not.</param>
-        /// <param name="mediaTypes">Optional filter by MediaType. Allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="genres">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on genre. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="genreIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on genre id. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="officialRatings">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on OfficialRating. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="tags">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on tag. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="years">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on production year. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="enableUserData">Optional, include user data.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional, the max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImageTypes">Optional. The image types to include in the output.</param>
-        /// <param name="person">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person.</param>
-        /// <param name="personIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person ids.</param>
-        /// <param name="personTypes">Optional. If specified, along with Person, results will be filtered to include only those containing the specified person and PersonType. Allows multiple, comma-delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="studios">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on studio. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
-        /// <param name="studioIds">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on studio id. This allows multiple, pipe delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
         /// <param name="nameStartsWithOrGreater">Optional filter by items whose name is sorted equally or greater than a given input string.</param>
         /// <param name="nameStartsWith">Optional filter by items whose name is sorted equally than a given input string.</param>
@@ -82,30 +68,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [HttpGet]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetStudios(
-            [FromQuery] double? minCommunityRating,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
-            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
-            [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? genres,
-            [FromQuery] string? genreIds,
-            [FromQuery] string? officialRatings,
-            [FromQuery] string? tags,
-            [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? person,
-            [FromQuery] string? personIds,
-            [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
-            [FromQuery] string? studios,
-            [FromQuery] string? studioIds,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWithOrGreater,
             [FromQuery] string? nameStartsWith,
@@ -113,49 +86,27 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
-            User? user = null;
-            BaseItem parentItem;
+            User? user = userId.HasValue && userId != Guid.Empty ? _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value) : null;
 
-            if (userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty))
-            {
-                user = _userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value);
-                parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                parentItem = string.IsNullOrEmpty(parentId) ? _libraryManager.RootFolder : _libraryManager.GetItemById(parentId);
-            }
+            var parentItem = _libraryManager.GetParentItem(parentId, userId);
 
             var excludeItemTypesArr = RequestHelpers.Split(excludeItemTypes, ',', true);
             var includeItemTypesArr = RequestHelpers.Split(includeItemTypes, ',', true);
-            var mediaTypesArr = RequestHelpers.Split(mediaTypes, ',', true);
 
             var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
             {
                 ExcludeItemTypes = excludeItemTypesArr,
                 IncludeItemTypes = includeItemTypesArr,
-                MediaTypes = mediaTypesArr,
                 StartIndex = startIndex,
                 Limit = limit,
                 IsFavorite = isFavorite,
                 NameLessThan = nameLessThan,
                 NameStartsWith = nameStartsWith,
                 NameStartsWithOrGreater = nameStartsWithOrGreater,
-                Tags = RequestHelpers.Split(tags, '|', true),
-                OfficialRatings = RequestHelpers.Split(officialRatings, '|', true),
-                Genres = RequestHelpers.Split(genres, '|', true),
-                GenreIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(genreIds),
-                StudioIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(studioIds),
-                Person = person,
-                PersonIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(personIds),
-                PersonTypes = RequestHelpers.Split(personTypes, ',', true),
-                Years = RequestHelpers.Split(years, ',', true).Select(int.Parse).ToArray(),
-                MinCommunityRating = minCommunityRating,
                 DtoOptions = dtoOptions,
                 SearchTerm = searchTerm,
                 EnableTotalRecordCount = enableTotalRecordCount
@@ -173,84 +124,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 }
             }
 
-            // Studios
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(studios))
-            {
-                query.StudioIds = studios.Split('|').Select(i =>
-                {
-                    try
-                    {
-                        return _libraryManager.GetStudio(i);
-                    }
-                    catch
-                    {
-                        return null;
-                    }
-                }).Where(i => i != null).Select(i => i!.Id)
-                    .ToArray();
-            }
-
-            foreach (var filter in filters)
-            {
-                switch (filter)
-                {
-                    case ItemFilter.Dislikes:
-                        query.IsLiked = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFavorite:
-                        query.IsFavorite = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFavoriteOrLikes:
-                        query.IsFavoriteOrLiked = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsFolder:
-                        query.IsFolder = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsNotFolder:
-                        query.IsFolder = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsPlayed:
-                        query.IsPlayed = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsResumable:
-                        query.IsResumable = true;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.IsUnplayed:
-                        query.IsPlayed = false;
-                        break;
-                    case ItemFilter.Likes:
-                        query.IsLiked = true;
-                        break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            var result = new QueryResult<(BaseItem, ItemCounts)>();
-            var dtos = result.Items.Select(i =>
-            {
-                var (baseItem, itemCounts) = i;
-                var dto = _dtoService.GetItemByNameDto(baseItem, dtoOptions, null, user);
-
-                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(includeItemTypes))
-                {
-                    dto.ChildCount = itemCounts.ItemCount;
-                    dto.ProgramCount = itemCounts.ProgramCount;
-                    dto.SeriesCount = itemCounts.SeriesCount;
-                    dto.EpisodeCount = itemCounts.EpisodeCount;
-                    dto.MovieCount = itemCounts.MovieCount;
-                    dto.TrailerCount = itemCounts.TrailerCount;
-                    dto.AlbumCount = itemCounts.AlbumCount;
-                    dto.SongCount = itemCounts.SongCount;
-                    dto.ArtistCount = itemCounts.ArtistCount;
-                }
-
-                return dto;
-            });
-
-            return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>
-            {
-                Items = dtos.ToArray(),
-                TotalRecordCount = result.TotalRecordCount
-            };
+            var result = _libraryManager.GetStudios(query);
+            var shouldIncludeItemTypes = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(includeItemTypes);
+            return RequestHelpers.CreateQueryResult(result, dtoOptions, _dtoService, shouldIncludeItemTypes, user);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs
index cc682ed542..a01ae31a0e 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/SubtitleController.cs
@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Attributes;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
+using Jellyfin.Api.Models.SubtitleDtos;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
@@ -21,6 +24,7 @@ using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Net;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Providers;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Subtitles;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
@@ -34,6 +38,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
     [Route("")]
     public class SubtitleController : BaseJellyfinApiController
     {
+        private readonly IServerConfigurationManager _serverConfigurationManager;
         private readonly ILibraryManager _libraryManager;
         private readonly ISubtitleManager _subtitleManager;
         private readonly ISubtitleEncoder _subtitleEncoder;
@@ -46,6 +51,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <summary>
         /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SubtitleController"/> class.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="serverConfigurationManager">Instance of <see cref="IServerConfigurationManager"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="libraryManager">Instance of <see cref="ILibraryManager"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="subtitleManager">Instance of <see cref="ISubtitleManager"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="subtitleEncoder">Instance of <see cref="ISubtitleEncoder"/> interface.</param>
@@ -55,6 +61,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="authContext">Instance of <see cref="IAuthorizationContext"/> interface.</param>
         /// <param name="logger">Instance of <see cref="ILogger{SubtitleController}"/> interface.</param>
         public SubtitleController(
+            IServerConfigurationManager serverConfigurationManager,
             ILibraryManager libraryManager,
             ISubtitleManager subtitleManager,
             ISubtitleEncoder subtitleEncoder,
@@ -64,6 +71,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             IAuthorizationContext authContext,
             ILogger<SubtitleController> logger)
         {
+            _serverConfigurationManager = serverConfigurationManager;
             _libraryManager = libraryManager;
             _subtitleManager = subtitleManager;
             _subtitleEncoder = subtitleEncoder;
@@ -320,6 +328,33 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         }
 
         /// <summary>
+        /// Upload an external subtitle file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemId">The item the subtitle belongs to.</param>
+        /// <param name="body">The request body.</param>
+        /// <response code="204">Subtitle uploaded.</response>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="NoContentResult"/>.</returns>
+        [HttpPost("Videos/{itemId}/Subtitles")]
+        public async Task<ActionResult> UploadSubtitle(
+            [FromRoute, Required] Guid itemId,
+            [FromBody, Required] UploadSubtitleDto body)
+        {
+            var video = (Video)_libraryManager.GetItemById(itemId);
+            var data = Convert.FromBase64String(body.Data);
+            await using var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(data);
+            await _subtitleManager.UploadSubtitle(
+                video,
+                new SubtitleResponse
+                {
+                    Format = body.Format,
+                    Language = body.Language,
+                    IsForced = body.IsForced,
+                    Stream = memoryStream
+                }).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return NoContent();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
         /// Encodes a subtitle in the specified format.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="id">The media id.</param>
@@ -351,5 +386,95 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 copyTimestamps,
                 CancellationToken.None);
         }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a list of available fallback font files.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <response code="200">Information retrieved.</response>
+        /// <returns>An array of <see cref="FontFile"/> with the available font files.</returns>
+        [HttpGet("FallbackFont/Fonts")]
+        [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        public IEnumerable<FontFile> GetFallbackFontList()
+        {
+            var encodingOptions = _serverConfigurationManager.GetEncodingOptions();
+            var fallbackFontPath = encodingOptions.FallbackFontPath;
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(fallbackFontPath))
+            {
+                var files = _fileSystem.GetFiles(fallbackFontPath, new[] { ".woff", ".woff2", ".ttf", ".otf" }, false, false);
+                var fontFiles = files
+                    .Select(i => new FontFile
+                    {
+                        Name = i.Name,
+                        Size = i.Length,
+                        DateCreated = _fileSystem.GetCreationTimeUtc(i),
+                        DateModified = _fileSystem.GetLastWriteTimeUtc(i)
+                    })
+                    .OrderBy(i => i.Size)
+                    .ThenBy(i => i.Name)
+                    .ThenByDescending(i => i.DateModified)
+                    .ThenByDescending(i => i.DateCreated);
+                // max total size 20M
+                const int MaxSize = 20971520;
+                var sizeCounter = 0L;
+                foreach (var fontFile in fontFiles)
+                {
+                    sizeCounter += fontFile.Size;
+                    if (sizeCounter >= MaxSize)
+                    {
+                        _logger.LogWarning("Some fonts will not be sent due to size limitations");
+                        yield break;
+                    }
+
+                    yield return fontFile;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _logger.LogWarning("The path of fallback font folder has not been set");
+                encodingOptions.EnableFallbackFont = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a fallback font file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the fallback font file to get.</param>
+        /// <response code="200">Fallback font file retrieved.</response>
+        /// <returns>The fallback font file.</returns>
+        [HttpGet("FallbackFont/Fonts/{name}")]
+        [Authorize(Policy = Policies.DefaultAuthorization)]
+        [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
+        public ActionResult GetFallbackFont([FromRoute, Required] string name)
+        {
+            var encodingOptions = _serverConfigurationManager.GetEncodingOptions();
+            var fallbackFontPath = encodingOptions.FallbackFontPath;
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(fallbackFontPath))
+            {
+                var fontFile = _fileSystem.GetFiles(fallbackFontPath)
+                    .First(i => string.Equals(i.Name, name, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+                var fileSize = fontFile?.Length;
+
+                if (fontFile != null && fileSize != null && fileSize > 0)
+                {
+                    _logger.LogDebug("Fallback font size is {fileSize} Bytes", fileSize);
+                    return PhysicalFile(fontFile.FullName, MimeTypes.GetMimeType(fontFile.FullName));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _logger.LogWarning("The selected font is null or empty");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _logger.LogWarning("The path of fallback font folder has not been set");
+                encodingOptions.EnableFallbackFont = false;
+            }
+
+            // returning HTTP 204 will break the SubtitlesOctopus
+            return Ok();
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs
index 281c0016e9..d78adcbcdc 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TrailersController.cs
@@ -146,12 +146,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? searchTerm,
             [FromQuery] string? sortOrder,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFilter[] filters,
             [FromQuery] bool? isFavorite,
             [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] imageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] imageTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? sortBy,
             [FromQuery] bool? isPlayed,
             [FromQuery] string? genres,
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] string? years,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? person,
             [FromQuery] string? personIds,
             [FromQuery] string? personTypes,
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs
index 49a6c386fe..6fd154836b 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/TvShowsController.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Globalization;
 using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
+using Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Enums;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="userId">The user id of the user to get the next up episodes for.</param>
         /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The record index to start at. All items with a lower index will be dropped from the results.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="seriesId">Optional. Filter by series id.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Optional. Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImges">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
@@ -73,17 +74,16 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? seriesId,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImges,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] bool enableTotalRecordCount = true)
         {
-            var options = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields!)
+            var options = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImges, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="userId">The user id of the user to get the upcoming episodes for.</param>
         /// <param name="startIndex">Optional. The record index to start at. All items with a lower index will be dropped from the results.</param>
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines, TrailerUrls.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Optional. Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImges">Optional. Include image information in output.</param>
         /// <param name="imageTypeLimit">Optional. The max number of images to return, per image type.</param>
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] int? startIndex,
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImges,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData)
         {
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
@@ -146,8 +146,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
 
             var parentIdGuid = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(parentId) ? Guid.Empty : new Guid(parentId);
 
-            var options = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields!)
+            var options = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImges, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
 
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetEpisodes(
             [FromRoute, Required] string seriesId,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] int? season,
             [FromQuery] string? seasonId,
             [FromQuery] bool? isMissing,
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] string? sortBy)
         {
@@ -217,8 +216,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
 
             List<BaseItem> episodes;
 
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields!)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
 
@@ -320,13 +318,13 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult<QueryResult<BaseItemDto>> GetSeasons(
             [FromRoute, Required] string seriesId,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] bool? isSpecialSeason,
             [FromQuery] bool? isMissing,
             [FromQuery] string? adjacentTo,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData)
         {
             var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
@@ -345,8 +343,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 AdjacentTo = adjacentTo
             });
 
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes!);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs
index a52af17815..cfd8511297 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/UserLibraryController.cs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="userId">User id.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimeted. Options: Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="includeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be filtered based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimeted.</param>
         /// <param name="isPlayed">Filter by items that are played, or not.</param>
         /// <param name="enableImages">Optional. include image information in output.</param>
@@ -267,12 +268,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         public ActionResult<IEnumerable<BaseItemDto>> GetLatestMedia(
             [FromRoute, Required] Guid userId,
             [FromQuery] Guid? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? isPlayed,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int limit = 20,
             [FromQuery] bool groupItems = true)
@@ -287,8 +288,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
                 }
             }
 
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideoAttachmentsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideoAttachmentsController.cs
index 09a1c93e6a..418c0c1230 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideoAttachmentsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideoAttachmentsController.cs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         [Produces(MediaTypeNames.Application.Octet)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status200OK)]
         [ProducesResponseType(StatusCodes.Status404NotFound)]
-        public async Task<ActionResult<FileStreamResult>> GetAttachment(
+        public async Task<ActionResult> GetAttachment(
             [FromRoute, Required] Guid videoId,
             [FromRoute, Required] string mediaSourceId,
             [FromRoute, Required] int index)
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideoHlsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideoHlsController.cs
index aebfeab673..b03402c1b0 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideoHlsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/VideoHlsController.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.StreamingDtos;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Devices;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dlna;
@@ -363,8 +364,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             var inputModifier = _encodingHelper.GetInputModifier(state, _encodingOptions);
             var mapArgs = state.IsOutputVideo ? _encodingHelper.GetMapArgs(state) : string.Empty;
 
+            var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({outputPath}) is not valid.", nameof(outputPath));
             var outputFileNameWithoutExtension = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(outputPath);
-            var outputPrefix = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath), outputFileNameWithoutExtension);
+            var outputPrefix = Path.Combine(directory, outputFileNameWithoutExtension);
             var outputExtension = HlsHelpers.GetSegmentFileExtension(state.Request.SegmentContainer);
             var outputTsArg = outputPrefix + "%d" + outputExtension;
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs
index 2c685309a6..1b38e399d6 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Controllers/YearsController.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Constants;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Extensions;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
         /// <param name="limit">Optional. The maximum number of records to return.</param>
         /// <param name="sortOrder">Sort Order - Ascending,Descending.</param>
         /// <param name="parentId">Specify this to localize the search to a specific item or folder. Omit to use the root.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.</param>
+        /// <param name="fields">Optional. Specify additional fields of information to return in the output.</param>
         /// <param name="excludeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be excluded based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="includeItemTypes">Optional. If specified, results will be included based on item type. This allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
         /// <param name="mediaTypes">Optional. Filter by MediaType. Allows multiple, comma delimited.</param>
@@ -71,20 +72,19 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Controllers
             [FromQuery] int? limit,
             [FromQuery] string? sortOrder,
             [FromQuery] string? parentId,
-            [FromQuery] string? fields,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ItemFields[] fields,
             [FromQuery] string? excludeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? includeItemTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? mediaTypes,
             [FromQuery] string? sortBy,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableUserData,
             [FromQuery] int? imageTypeLimit,
-            [FromQuery] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
+            [FromQuery, ModelBinder(typeof(CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder))] ImageType[] enableImageTypes,
             [FromQuery] Guid? userId,
             [FromQuery] bool recursive = true,
             [FromQuery] bool? enableImages = true)
         {
-            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions()
-                .AddItemFields(fields)
+            var dtoOptions = new DtoOptions { Fields = fields }
                 .AddClientFields(Request)
                 .AddAdditionalDtoOptions(enableImages, enableUserData, imageTypeLimit, enableImageTypes);
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Extensions/DtoExtensions.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Extensions/DtoExtensions.cs
index 85f8d789e4..f2abd515d3 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Extensions/DtoExtensions.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Extensions/DtoExtensions.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Helpers;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Querying;
@@ -14,42 +16,6 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Extensions
     public static class DtoExtensions
     {
         /// <summary>
-        /// Add Dto Item fields.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// Converted from IHasItemFields.
-        /// Legacy order: 1.
-        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="dtoOptions">DtoOptions object.</param>
-        /// <param name="fields">Comma delimited string of fields.</param>
-        /// <returns>Modified DtoOptions object.</returns>
-        internal static DtoOptions AddItemFields(this DtoOptions dtoOptions, string? fields)
-        {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fields))
-            {
-                dtoOptions.Fields = Array.Empty<ItemFields>();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                dtoOptions.Fields = fields.Split(',')
-                    .Select(v =>
-                    {
-                        if (Enum.TryParse(v, true, out ItemFields value))
-                        {
-                            return (ItemFields?)value;
-                        }
-
-                        return null;
-                    })
-                    .Where(i => i.HasValue)
-                    .Select(i => i!.Value)
-                    .ToArray();
-            }
-
-            return dtoOptions;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
         /// Add additional fields depending on client.
         /// </summary>
         /// <remarks>
@@ -79,7 +45,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Extensions
                     client.IndexOf("media center", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
                     client.IndexOf("classic", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)
                 {
-                    int oldLen = dtoOptions.Fields.Length;
+                    int oldLen = dtoOptions.Fields.Count;
                     var arr = new ItemFields[oldLen + 1];
                     dtoOptions.Fields.CopyTo(arr, 0);
                     arr[oldLen] = ItemFields.RecursiveItemCount;
@@ -97,7 +63,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Extensions
                     client.IndexOf("samsung", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1 ||
                     client.IndexOf("androidtv", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)
                 {
-                    int oldLen = dtoOptions.Fields.Length;
+                    int oldLen = dtoOptions.Fields.Count;
                     var arr = new ItemFields[oldLen + 1];
                     dtoOptions.Fields.CopyTo(arr, 0);
                     arr[oldLen] = ItemFields.ChildCount;
@@ -126,7 +92,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Extensions
             bool? enableImages,
             bool? enableUserData,
             int? imageTypeLimit,
-            ImageType[] enableImageTypes)
+            IReadOnlyList<ImageType> enableImageTypes)
         {
             dtoOptions.EnableImages = enableImages ?? true;
 
@@ -140,7 +106,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Extensions
                 dtoOptions.EnableUserData = enableUserData.Value;
             }
 
-            if (enableImageTypes.Length != 0)
+            if (enableImageTypes.Count != 0)
             {
                 dtoOptions.ImageTypes = enableImageTypes;
             }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/AudioHelper.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/AudioHelper.cs
index a3f2d88ce5..21ec2d32f9 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/AudioHelper.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/AudioHelper.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-using System.Net.Http;
+using System;
+using System.Net.Http;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.StreamingDtos;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Net;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Devices;
@@ -98,6 +100,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             TranscodingJobType transcodingJobType,
             StreamingRequestDto streamingRequest)
         {
+            if (_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext == null)
+            {
+                throw new ResourceNotFoundException(nameof(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext));
+            }
+
             bool isHeadRequest = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Request.Method == System.Net.WebRequestMethods.Http.Head;
             var cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/ClaimHelpers.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/ClaimHelpers.cs
index df235ced25..29e6b4193e 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/ClaimHelpers.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/ClaimHelpers.cs
@@ -63,6 +63,19 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         public static string? GetToken(in ClaimsPrincipal user)
             => GetClaimValue(user, InternalClaimTypes.Token);
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a flag specifying whether the request is using an api key.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="user">Current claims principal.</param>
+        /// <returns>The flag specifying whether the request is using an api key.</returns>
+        public static bool GetIsApiKey(in ClaimsPrincipal user)
+        {
+            var claimValue = GetClaimValue(user, InternalClaimTypes.IsApiKey);
+            return !string.IsNullOrEmpty(claimValue)
+                   && bool.TryParse(claimValue, out var parsedClaimValue)
+                   && parsedClaimValue;
+        }
+
         private static string? GetClaimValue(in ClaimsPrincipal user, string name)
         {
             return user?.Identities
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/DynamicHlsHelper.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/DynamicHlsHelper.cs
index d2710bf40e..2e89e0b039 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/DynamicHlsHelper.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/DynamicHlsHelper.cs
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             StreamingRequestDto streamingRequest,
             bool enableAdaptiveBitrateStreaming)
         {
-            var isHeadRequest = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Request.Method == WebRequestMethods.Http.Head;
+            var isHeadRequest = _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.Request.Method == WebRequestMethods.Http.Head;
             var cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
             return await GetMasterPlaylistInternal(
                 streamingRequest,
@@ -130,6 +130,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             TranscodingJobType transcodingJobType,
             CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource)
         {
+            if (_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext == null)
+            {
+                throw new ResourceNotFoundException(nameof(_httpContextAccessor.HttpContext));
+            }
+
             using var state = await StreamingHelpers.GetStreamingState(
                     streamingRequest,
                     _httpContextAccessor.HttpContext.Request,
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs
index 366301d3ee..20c94cddad 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/FileStreamResponseHelpers.cs
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             }
 
             // Can't dispose the response as it's required up the call chain.
-            var response = await httpClient.GetAsync(state.MediaPath).ConfigureAwait(false);
-            var contentType = response.Content.Headers.ContentType.ToString();
+            var response = await httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri(state.MediaPath)).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            var contentType = response.Content.Headers.ContentType?.ToString();
 
             httpContext.Response.Headers[HeaderNames.AcceptRanges] = "none";
 
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/HlsCodecStringHelpers.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/HlsCodecStringHelpers.cs
index 4999fcc62f..a5369c441c 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/HlsCodecStringHelpers.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/HlsCodecStringHelpers.cs
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="profile">AAC profile.</param>
         /// <returns>AAC codec string.</returns>
-        public static string GetAACString(string profile)
+        public static string GetAACString(string? profile)
         {
             StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("mp4a", 9);
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         /// <param name="profile">H.264 profile.</param>
         /// <param name="level">H.264 level.</param>
         /// <returns>H.264 string.</returns>
-        public static string GetH264String(string profile, int level)
+        public static string GetH264String(string? profile, int level)
         {
             StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("avc1", 11);
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         /// <param name="profile">H.265 profile.</param>
         /// <param name="level">H.265 level.</param>
         /// <returns>H.265 string.</returns>
-        public static string GetH265String(string profile, int level)
+        public static string GetH265String(string? profile, int level)
         {
             // The h265 syntax is a bit of a mystery at the time this comment was written.
             // This is what I've found through various sources:
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/HlsHelpers.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/HlsHelpers.cs
index 0bbe92baad..d265e80b2c 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/HlsHelpers.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/HlsHelpers.cs
@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
                         while (!reader.EndOfStream)
                         {
                             var line = await reader.ReadLineAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+                            if (line == null)
+                            {
+                                // Nothing currently in buffer.
+                                break;
+                            }
 
                             if (line.IndexOf("#EXTINF:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) != -1)
                             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/ProgressiveFileCopier.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/ProgressiveFileCopier.cs
index e00ed33042..8bddf00d5f 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/ProgressiveFileCopier.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/ProgressiveFileCopier.cs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.IO;
 
@@ -90,6 +91,11 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
                     allowAsyncFileRead = true;
                 }
 
+                if (_path == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ResourceNotFoundException(nameof(_path));
+                }
+
                 await using var inputStream = new FileStream(_path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite, IODefaults.FileStreamBufferSize, fileOptions);
 
                 var eofCount = 0;
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/RequestHelpers.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/RequestHelpers.cs
index 78d2b831c8..f06f038ab5 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/RequestHelpers.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/RequestHelpers.cs
@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
-using System.Net;
+using Jellyfin.Data.Entities;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Enums;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
+using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Net;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Session;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Querying;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             }
 
             return removeEmpty
-                ? value.Split(new[] { separator }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+                ? value.Split(separator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
                 : value.Split(separator);
         }
 
@@ -163,31 +165,39 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
                 .ToArray();
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the item fields.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="imageTypes">The image types string.</param>
-        /// <returns>IEnumerable{ItemFields}.</returns>
-        internal static ImageType[] GetImageTypes(string? imageTypes)
+        internal static QueryResult<BaseItemDto> CreateQueryResult(
+            QueryResult<(BaseItem, ItemCounts)> result,
+            DtoOptions dtoOptions,
+            IDtoService dtoService,
+            bool includeItemTypes,
+            User? user)
         {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(imageTypes))
+            var dtos = result.Items.Select(i =>
             {
-                return Array.Empty<ImageType>();
-            }
+                var (baseItem, counts) = i;
+                var dto = dtoService.GetItemByNameDto(baseItem, dtoOptions, null, user);
 
-            return Split(imageTypes, ',', true)
-                .Select(v =>
+                if (includeItemTypes)
                 {
-                    if (Enum.TryParse(v, true, out ImageType value))
-                    {
-                        return (ImageType?)value;
-                    }
-
-                    return null;
-                })
-                .Where(i => i.HasValue)
-                .Select(i => i!.Value)
-                .ToArray();
+                    dto.ChildCount = counts.ItemCount;
+                    dto.ProgramCount = counts.ProgramCount;
+                    dto.SeriesCount = counts.SeriesCount;
+                    dto.EpisodeCount = counts.EpisodeCount;
+                    dto.MovieCount = counts.MovieCount;
+                    dto.TrailerCount = counts.TrailerCount;
+                    dto.AlbumCount = counts.AlbumCount;
+                    dto.SongCount = counts.SongCount;
+                    dto.ArtistCount = counts.ArtistCount;
+                }
+
+                return dto;
+            });
+
+            return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>
+            {
+                Items = dtos.ToArray(),
+                TotalRecordCount = result.TotalRecordCount
+            };
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/SimilarItemsHelper.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/SimilarItemsHelper.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b06f87cd7..0000000000
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/SimilarItemsHelper.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Linq;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Dto;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Entities;
-using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
-using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
-using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
-using MediaBrowser.Model.Querying;
-
-namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
-{
-    /// <summary>
-    /// The similar items helper class.
-    /// </summary>
-    public static class SimilarItemsHelper
-    {
-        internal static QueryResult<BaseItemDto> GetSimilarItemsResult(
-            DtoOptions dtoOptions,
-            IUserManager userManager,
-            ILibraryManager libraryManager,
-            IDtoService dtoService,
-            Guid? userId,
-            string id,
-            string? excludeArtistIds,
-            int? limit,
-            Type[] includeTypes,
-            Func<BaseItem, List<PersonInfo>, List<PersonInfo>, BaseItem, int> getSimilarityScore)
-        {
-            var user = userId.HasValue && !userId.Equals(Guid.Empty)
-                ? userManager.GetUserById(userId.Value)
-                : null;
-
-            var item = string.IsNullOrEmpty(id) ?
-                (!userId.Equals(Guid.Empty) ? libraryManager.GetUserRootFolder() :
-                libraryManager.RootFolder) : libraryManager.GetItemById(id);
-
-            var query = new InternalItemsQuery(user)
-            {
-                IncludeItemTypes = includeTypes.Select(i => i.Name).ToArray(),
-                Recursive = true,
-                DtoOptions = dtoOptions,
-                ExcludeArtistIds = RequestHelpers.GetGuids(excludeArtistIds)
-            };
-
-            var inputItems = libraryManager.GetItemList(query);
-
-            var items = GetSimilaritems(item, libraryManager, inputItems, getSimilarityScore)
-                .ToList();
-
-            var returnItems = items;
-
-            if (limit.HasValue && limit < returnItems.Count)
-            {
-                returnItems = returnItems.GetRange(0, limit.Value);
-            }
-
-            var dtos = dtoService.GetBaseItemDtos(returnItems, dtoOptions, user);
-
-            return new QueryResult<BaseItemDto>
-            {
-                Items = dtos,
-                TotalRecordCount = items.Count
-            };
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the similaritems.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="item">The item.</param>
-        /// <param name="libraryManager">The library manager.</param>
-        /// <param name="inputItems">The input items.</param>
-        /// <param name="getSimilarityScore">The get similarity score.</param>
-        /// <returns>IEnumerable{BaseItem}.</returns>
-        private static IEnumerable<BaseItem> GetSimilaritems(
-            BaseItem item,
-            ILibraryManager libraryManager,
-            IEnumerable<BaseItem> inputItems,
-            Func<BaseItem, List<PersonInfo>, List<PersonInfo>, BaseItem, int> getSimilarityScore)
-        {
-            var itemId = item.Id;
-            inputItems = inputItems.Where(i => i.Id != itemId);
-            var itemPeople = libraryManager.GetPeople(item);
-            var allPeople = libraryManager.GetPeople(new InternalPeopleQuery
-            {
-                AppearsInItemId = item.Id
-            });
-
-            return inputItems.Select(i => new Tuple<BaseItem, int>(i, getSimilarityScore(item, itemPeople, allPeople, i)))
-                .Where(i => i.Item2 > 2)
-                .OrderByDescending(i => i.Item2)
-                .Select(i => i.Item1);
-        }
-
-        private static IEnumerable<string> GetTags(BaseItem item)
-        {
-            return item.Tags;
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the similiarity score.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="item1">The item1.</param>
-        /// <param name="item1People">The item1 people.</param>
-        /// <param name="allPeople">All people.</param>
-        /// <param name="item2">The item2.</param>
-        /// <returns>System.Int32.</returns>
-        internal static int GetSimiliarityScore(BaseItem item1, List<PersonInfo> item1People, List<PersonInfo> allPeople, BaseItem item2)
-        {
-            var points = 0;
-
-            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(item1.OfficialRating) && string.Equals(item1.OfficialRating, item2.OfficialRating, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-            {
-                points += 10;
-            }
-
-            // Find common genres
-            points += item1.Genres.Where(i => item2.Genres.Contains(i, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)).Sum(i => 10);
-
-            // Find common tags
-            points += GetTags(item1).Where(i => GetTags(item2).Contains(i, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)).Sum(i => 10);
-
-            // Find common studios
-            points += item1.Studios.Where(i => item2.Studios.Contains(i, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)).Sum(i => 3);
-
-            var item2PeopleNames = allPeople.Where(i => i.ItemId == item2.Id)
-                .Select(i => i.Name)
-                .Where(i => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(i))
-                .DistinctNames()
-                .ToDictionary(i => i, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
-
-            points += item1People.Where(i => item2PeopleNames.ContainsKey(i.Name)).Sum(i =>
-            {
-                if (string.Equals(i.Type, PersonType.Director, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || string.Equals(i.Role, PersonType.Director, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-                {
-                    return 5;
-                }
-
-                if (string.Equals(i.Type, PersonType.Actor, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || string.Equals(i.Role, PersonType.Actor, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-                {
-                    return 3;
-                }
-
-                if (string.Equals(i.Type, PersonType.Composer, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || string.Equals(i.Role, PersonType.Composer, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-                {
-                    return 3;
-                }
-
-                if (string.Equals(i.Type, PersonType.GuestStar, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || string.Equals(i.Role, PersonType.GuestStar, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-                {
-                    return 3;
-                }
-
-                if (string.Equals(i.Type, PersonType.Writer, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || string.Equals(i.Role, PersonType.Writer, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
-                {
-                    return 2;
-                }
-
-                return 1;
-            });
-
-            if (item1.ProductionYear.HasValue && item2.ProductionYear.HasValue)
-            {
-                var diff = Math.Abs(item1.ProductionYear.Value - item2.ProductionYear.Value);
-
-                // Add if they came out within the same decade
-                if (diff < 10)
-                {
-                    points += 2;
-                }
-
-                // And more if within five years
-                if (diff < 5)
-                {
-                    points += 2;
-                }
-            }
-
-            return points;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs
index be85d5eb83..c6d844c4fe 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/StreamingHelpers.cs
@@ -83,8 +83,12 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             }
 
             streamingRequest.StreamOptions = ParseStreamOptions(httpRequest.Query);
+            if (httpRequest.Path.Value == null)
+            {
+                throw new ResourceNotFoundException(nameof(httpRequest.Path));
+            }
 
-            var url = httpRequest.Path.Value.Split('.').Last();
+            var url = httpRequest.Path.Value.Split('.')[^1];
 
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(streamingRequest.AudioCodec))
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs
index f93c95fb55..f496eaed60 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Helpers/TranscodingJobHelper.cs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ using Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos;
 using Jellyfin.Api.Models.StreamingDtos;
 using Jellyfin.Data.Enums;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Configuration;
+using MediaBrowser.Common.Extensions;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.Library;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.MediaEncoding;
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="playSessionId">Playback session id.</param>
         /// <returns>The transcoding job.</returns>
-        public TranscodingJobDto GetTranscodingJob(string playSessionId)
+        public TranscodingJobDto? GetTranscodingJob(string playSessionId)
         {
             lock (_activeTranscodingJobs)
             {
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         /// <param name="path">Path to the transcoding file.</param>
         /// <param name="type">The <see cref="TranscodingJobType"/>.</param>
         /// <returns>The transcoding job.</returns>
-        public TranscodingJobDto GetTranscodingJob(string path, TranscodingJobType type)
+        public TranscodingJobDto? GetTranscodingJob(string path, TranscodingJobType type)
         {
             lock (_activeTranscodingJobs)
             {
@@ -193,10 +194,9 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         /// Called when [transcode kill timer stopped].
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="state">The state.</param>
-        private async void OnTranscodeKillTimerStopped(object state)
+        private async void OnTranscodeKillTimerStopped(object? state)
         {
-            var job = (TranscodingJobDto)state;
-
+            var job = state as TranscodingJobDto ?? throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(state)} is not of type {nameof(TranscodingJobDto)}", nameof(state));
             if (!job.HasExited && job.Type != TranscodingJobType.Progressive)
             {
                 var timeSinceLastPing = (DateTime.UtcNow - job.LastPingDate).TotalMilliseconds;
@@ -489,7 +489,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             CancellationTokenSource cancellationTokenSource,
             string? workingDirectory = null)
         {
-            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath));
+            var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(outputPath) ?? throw new ArgumentException($"Provided path ({outputPath}) is not valid.", nameof(outputPath));
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
 
             await AcquireResources(state, cancellationTokenSource).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
@@ -523,7 +524,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
                     RedirectStandardInput = true,
                     FileName = _mediaEncoder.EncoderPath,
                     Arguments = commandLineArguments,
-                    WorkingDirectory = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(workingDirectory) ? null : workingDirectory,
+                    WorkingDirectory = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(workingDirectory) ? string.Empty : workingDirectory,
                     ErrorDialog = false
                 },
                 EnableRaisingEvents = true
@@ -828,7 +829,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
         {
             lock (_transcodingLocks)
             {
-                if (!_transcodingLocks.TryGetValue(outputPath, out SemaphoreSlim result))
+                if (!_transcodingLocks.TryGetValue(outputPath, out SemaphoreSlim? result))
                 {
                     result = new SemaphoreSlim(1, 1);
                     _transcodingLocks[outputPath] = result;
@@ -838,7 +839,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Helpers
             }
         }
 
-        private void OnPlaybackProgress(object sender, PlaybackProgressEventArgs e)
+        private void OnPlaybackProgress(object? sender, PlaybackProgressEventArgs e)
         {
             if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(e.PlaySessionId))
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Jellyfin.Api.csproj b/Jellyfin.Api/Jellyfin.Api.csproj
index da0852cebc..da6e5fa2d4 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Jellyfin.Api.csproj
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Jellyfin.Api.csproj
@@ -6,17 +6,19 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <PropertyGroup>
-    <TargetFramework>netstandard2.1</TargetFramework>
+    <TargetFramework>net5.0</TargetFramework>
     <GenerateDocumentationFile>true</GenerateDocumentationFile>
     <TreatWarningsAsErrors>true</TreatWarningsAsErrors>
     <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+    <!-- https://github.com/microsoft/ApplicationInsights-dotnet/issues/2047 -->
+    <NoWarn>AD0001</NoWarn>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication" Version="2.2.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization" Version="3.1.9" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc" Version="2.2.0" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Http" Version="3.1.9" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Http" Version="5.0.0" />
     <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore" Version="5.6.3" />
     <PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore.ReDoc" Version="5.6.3" />
   </ItemGroup>
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/ModelBinders/CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/ModelBinders/CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder.cs
index 4f012cab20..e90f48d2fe 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/ModelBinders/CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/ModelBinders/CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder.cs
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.ComponentModel;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ModelBinding;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 
 namespace Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders
 {
@@ -11,6 +13,17 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders
     /// </summary>
     public class CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder : IModelBinder
     {
+        private readonly ILogger<CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder> _logger;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="logger">Instance of the <see cref="ILogger{CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder}"/> interface.</param>
+        public CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder(ILogger<CommaDelimitedArrayModelBinder> logger)
+        {
+            _logger = logger;
+        }
+
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public Task BindModelAsync(ModelBindingContext bindingContext)
         {
@@ -20,16 +33,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders
 
             if (valueProviderResult.Length > 1)
             {
-                var result = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, valueProviderResult.Length);
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < valueProviderResult.Length; i++)
-                {
-                    var value = converter.ConvertFromString(valueProviderResult.Values[i].Trim());
-
-                    result.SetValue(value, i);
-                }
-
-                bindingContext.Result = ModelBindingResult.Success(result);
+                var typedValues = GetParsedResult(valueProviderResult.Values, elementType, converter);
+                bindingContext.Result = ModelBindingResult.Success(typedValues);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -37,13 +42,8 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders
 
                 if (value != null)
                 {
-                    var values = Array.ConvertAll(
-                        value.Split(new[] { "," }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries),
-                        x => converter.ConvertFromString(x?.Trim()));
-
-                    var typedValues = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, values.Length);
-                    values.CopyTo(typedValues, 0);
-
+                    var splitValues = value.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+                    var typedValues = GetParsedResult(splitValues, elementType, converter);
                     bindingContext.Result = ModelBindingResult.Success(typedValues);
                 }
                 else
@@ -55,5 +55,36 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.ModelBinders
 
             return Task.CompletedTask;
         }
+
+        private Array GetParsedResult(IReadOnlyList<string> values, Type elementType, TypeConverter converter)
+        {
+            var parsedValues = new object?[values.Count];
+            var convertedCount = 0;
+            for (var i = 0; i < values.Count; i++)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    parsedValues[i] = converter.ConvertFromString(values[i].Trim());
+                    convertedCount++;
+                }
+                catch (FormatException e)
+                {
+                    _logger.LogWarning(e, "Error converting value.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            var typedValues = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, convertedCount);
+            var typedValueIndex = 0;
+            for (var i = 0; i < parsedValues.Length; i++)
+            {
+                if (parsedValues[i] != null)
+                {
+                    typedValues.SetValue(parsedValues[i], typedValueIndex);
+                    typedValueIndex++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return typedValues;
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LibraryDtos/LibraryOptionsResultDto.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LibraryDtos/LibraryOptionsResultDto.cs
index 33eda33cb9..7de44aa659 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LibraryDtos/LibraryOptionsResultDto.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LibraryDtos/LibraryOptionsResultDto.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.LibraryDtos
 {
@@ -10,25 +11,21 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.LibraryDtos
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the metadata savers.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "MetadataSavers", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public LibraryOptionInfoDto[] MetadataSavers { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<LibraryOptionInfoDto> MetadataSavers { get; set; } = Array.Empty<LibraryOptionInfoDto>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the metadata readers.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "MetadataReaders", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public LibraryOptionInfoDto[] MetadataReaders { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<LibraryOptionInfoDto> MetadataReaders { get; set; } = Array.Empty<LibraryOptionInfoDto>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the subtitle fetchers.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "SubtitleFetchers", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public LibraryOptionInfoDto[] SubtitleFetchers { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<LibraryOptionInfoDto> SubtitleFetchers { get; set; } = Array.Empty<LibraryOptionInfoDto>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the type options.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "TypeOptions", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public LibraryTypeOptionsDto[] TypeOptions { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<LibraryTypeOptionsDto> TypeOptions { get; set; } = Array.Empty<LibraryTypeOptionsDto>();
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LibraryDtos/LibraryTypeOptionsDto.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LibraryDtos/LibraryTypeOptionsDto.cs
index ad031e95e5..20f45196d2 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LibraryDtos/LibraryTypeOptionsDto.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LibraryDtos/LibraryTypeOptionsDto.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Configuration;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
 
@@ -17,25 +18,21 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.LibraryDtos
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the metadata fetchers.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "MetadataFetchers", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public LibraryOptionInfoDto[] MetadataFetchers { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<LibraryOptionInfoDto> MetadataFetchers { get; set; } = Array.Empty<LibraryOptionInfoDto>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the image fetchers.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "ImageFetchers", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public LibraryOptionInfoDto[] ImageFetchers { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<LibraryOptionInfoDto> ImageFetchers { get; set; } = Array.Empty<LibraryOptionInfoDto>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the supported image types.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "SupportedImageTypes", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public ImageType[] SupportedImageTypes { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<ImageType> SupportedImageTypes { get; set; } = Array.Empty<ImageType>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the default image options.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "DefaultImageOptions", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public ImageOption[] DefaultImageOptions { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<ImageOption> DefaultImageOptions { get; set; } = Array.Empty<ImageOption>();
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LiveTvDtos/ChannelMappingOptionsDto.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LiveTvDtos/ChannelMappingOptionsDto.cs
index 970d8acdbc..f43822da77 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LiveTvDtos/ChannelMappingOptionsDto.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LiveTvDtos/ChannelMappingOptionsDto.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using MediaBrowser.Controller.LiveTv;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Dto;
@@ -25,8 +26,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.LiveTvDtos
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets list of mappings.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:DontReturnArrays", MessageId = "Mappings", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public NameValuePair[] Mappings { get; set; } = null!;
+        public IReadOnlyList<NameValuePair> Mappings { get; set; } = Array.Empty<NameValuePair>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets provider name.
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LiveTvDtos/GetProgramsDto.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LiveTvDtos/GetProgramsDto.cs
index 5811533936..5ca4408d18 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LiveTvDtos/GetProgramsDto.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/LiveTvDtos/GetProgramsDto.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
 using MediaBrowser.Common.Json.Converters;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Entities;
+using MediaBrowser.Model.Querying;
 
 namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.LiveTvDtos
 {
@@ -142,8 +144,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.LiveTvDtos
         /// Optional.
         /// </summary>
         [JsonConverter(typeof(JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverterFactory))]
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:ReturnArrays", MessageId = "EnableImageTypes", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public ImageType[] EnableImageTypes { get; set; } = Array.Empty<ImageType>();
+        public IReadOnlyList<ImageType> EnableImageTypes { get; set; } = Array.Empty<ImageType>();
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets include user data.
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.LiveTvDtos
         /// Gets or sets specify additional fields of information to return in the output. This allows multiple, comma delimited. Options: Budget, Chapters, DateCreated, Genres, HomePageUrl, IndexOptions, MediaStreams, Overview, ParentId, Path, People, ProviderIds, PrimaryImageAspectRatio, Revenue, SortName, Studios, Taglines.
         /// Optional.
         /// </summary>
-        public string? Fields { get; set; }
+        [JsonConverter(typeof(JsonCommaDelimitedArrayConverterFactory))]
+        public IReadOnlyList<ItemFields> Fields { get; set; } = Array.Empty<ItemFields>();
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/MediaInfoDtos/OpenLiveStreamDto.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/MediaInfoDtos/OpenLiveStreamDto.cs
index f797a38076..b0b3de8553 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/MediaInfoDtos/OpenLiveStreamDto.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/MediaInfoDtos/OpenLiveStreamDto.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.Dlna;
 using MediaBrowser.Model.MediaInfo;
 
@@ -17,8 +18,6 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.MediaInfoDtos
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets or sets the device play protocols.
         /// </summary>
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "CA1819:DontReturnArrays", MessageId = "DevicePlayProtocols", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Performance", "SA1011:ClosingBracketsSpace", MessageId = "DevicePlayProtocols", Justification = "Imported from ServiceStack")]
-        public MediaProtocol[]? DirectPlayProtocols { get; set; }
+        public IReadOnlyList<MediaProtocol> DirectPlayProtocols { get; set; } = Array.Empty<MediaProtocol>();
     }
 }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/PlaybackDtos/TranscodingJobDto.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/PlaybackDtos/TranscodingJobDto.cs
index b9507a4e50..9edc19bb6d 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/PlaybackDtos/TranscodingJobDto.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/PlaybackDtos/TranscodingJobDto.cs
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos
         /// Start kill timer.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="callback">Callback action.</param>
-        public void StartKillTimer(Action<object> callback)
+        public void StartKillTimer(Action<object?> callback)
         {
             StartKillTimer(callback, PingTimeout);
         }
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="callback">Callback action.</param>
         /// <param name="intervalMs">Callback interval.</param>
-        public void StartKillTimer(Action<object> callback, int intervalMs)
+        public void StartKillTimer(Action<object?> callback, int intervalMs)
         {
             if (HasExited)
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/PlaybackDtos/TranscodingThrottler.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/PlaybackDtos/TranscodingThrottler.cs
index b5e42ea299..872a468245 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/PlaybackDtos/TranscodingThrottler.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/PlaybackDtos/TranscodingThrottler.cs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.PlaybackDtos
             return _config.GetConfiguration<EncodingOptions>("encoding");
         }
 
-        private async void TimerCallback(object state)
+        private async void TimerCallback(object? state)
         {
             if (_job.HasExited)
             {
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/Models/SubtitleDtos/UploadSubtitleDto.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/SubtitleDtos/UploadSubtitleDto.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30473255e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/Models/SubtitleDtos/UploadSubtitleDto.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
+
+namespace Jellyfin.Api.Models.SubtitleDtos
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Upload subtitles dto.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class UploadSubtitleDto
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the subtitle language.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Required]
+        public string Language { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the subtitle format.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Required]
+        public string Format { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the subtitle is forced.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Required]
+        public bool IsForced { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the subtitle data.
+        /// </summary>
+        [Required]
+        public string Data { get; set; } = string.Empty;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/ActivityLogWebSocketListener.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/ActivityLogWebSocketListener.cs
index 77d55828d1..ce54651166 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/ActivityLogWebSocketListener.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/ActivityLogWebSocketListener.cs
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.WebSocketListeners
             base.Dispose(dispose);
         }
 
-        private void OnEntryCreated(object sender, GenericEventArgs<ActivityLogEntry> e)
+        private void OnEntryCreated(object? sender, GenericEventArgs<ActivityLogEntry> e)
         {
             SendData(true);
         }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/ScheduledTasksWebSocketListener.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/ScheduledTasksWebSocketListener.cs
index 80314b9236..94df23e569 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/ScheduledTasksWebSocketListener.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/ScheduledTasksWebSocketListener.cs
@@ -64,19 +64,19 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.WebSocketListeners
             base.Dispose(dispose);
         }
 
-        private void OnTaskCompleted(object sender, TaskCompletionEventArgs e)
+        private void OnTaskCompleted(object? sender, TaskCompletionEventArgs e)
         {
             SendData(true);
             e.Task.TaskProgress -= OnTaskProgress;
         }
 
-        private void OnTaskExecuting(object sender, GenericEventArgs<IScheduledTaskWorker> e)
+        private void OnTaskExecuting(object? sender, GenericEventArgs<IScheduledTaskWorker> e)
         {
             SendData(true);
             e.Argument.TaskProgress += OnTaskProgress;
         }
 
-        private void OnTaskProgress(object sender, GenericEventArgs<double> e)
+        private void OnTaskProgress(object? sender, GenericEventArgs<double> e)
         {
             SendData(false);
         }
diff --git a/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/SessionInfoWebSocketListener.cs b/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/SessionInfoWebSocketListener.cs
index 1cf43a0053..d996ac69f9 100644
--- a/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/SessionInfoWebSocketListener.cs
+++ b/Jellyfin.Api/WebSocketListeners/SessionInfoWebSocketListener.cs
@@ -66,37 +66,37 @@ namespace Jellyfin.Api.WebSocketListeners
             base.Dispose(dispose);
         }
 
-        private async void OnSessionManagerSessionActivity(object sender, SessionEventArgs e)
+        private async void OnSessionManagerSessionActivity(object? sender, SessionEventArgs e)
         {
             await SendData(false).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
-        private async void OnSessionManagerCapabilitiesChanged(object sender, SessionEventArgs e)
+        private async void OnSessionManagerCapabilitiesChanged(object? sender, SessionEventArgs e)
         {
             await SendData(true).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
-        private async void OnSessionManagerPlaybackProgress(object sender, PlaybackProgressEventArgs e)
+        private async void OnSessionManagerPlaybackProgress(object? sender, PlaybackProgressEventArgs e)
         {
             await SendData(!e.IsAutomated).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
-        private async void OnSessionManagerPlaybackStopped(object sender, PlaybackStopEventArgs e)
+        private async void OnSessionManagerPlaybackStopped(object? sender, PlaybackStopEventArgs e)
         {
             await SendData(true).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
-        private async void OnSessionManagerPlaybackStart(object sender, PlaybackProgressEventArgs e)
+        private async void OnSessionManagerPlaybackStart(object? sender, PlaybackProgressEventArgs e)
         {
             await SendData(true).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
-        private async void OnSessionManagerSessionEnded(object sender, SessionEventArgs e)
+        private async void OnSessionManagerSessionEnded(object? sender, SessionEventArgs e)
         {
             await SendData(true).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }
 
-        private async void OnSessionManagerSessionStarted(object sender, SessionEventArgs e)
+        private async void OnSessionManagerSessionStarted(object? sender, SessionEventArgs e)
         {
             await SendData(true).ConfigureAwait(false);
         }